Kollidon k30

Gefitinib (ZD) (ZD1839) was purchased from Med Chem Express Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The Caco-2 cell line, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), foetal bovine serum (FBS), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide, l-glutamine-penicillin-streptomycin solution, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Eagle’s minimum essential medium (EMEM), trypsin-EDTA solution, trypan blue solution (0.4%), neutral red and actinomycin D were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Acetone, sodium hydroxide and absolute ethanol were obtained from VWR International (Leicestershire, UK). Hydrochloric acid, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, acetic acid glacial and Nunclon 96-well microplates were purchased from Fisher Scientific UK Ltd. (Loughborough, UK). Eudragit S 100 was provided by Evonik Röhm Gmbh (Essen, Germany). Kollidon K 30 (PVP) was kindly donated by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany). HPMC 603 (HPMC) was kindly given by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).

Imwitor 308 (I308, Glyceryl Caprylate, monoglycerides ≥ 80%) was kindly supplied by Sasol Germany GmbH (Werk Witten, Germany). Oleic acid (OL, long chain fatty acid C18:1) was obtained from Avonchem (Cheshire, UK). Cremophor EL (Cr-El, polyoxyl 35 castor oil) was supplied by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Cinnarizine (CN, purity > 99.5) was supplied by FDC Limited (Maharashtra, India). Fish gelatin capsules (size 0) were donated by Capsugel (Morristown, NJ, USA). Vivapharm^® Hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) E3, was purchased from JRS Pharma (Rosenberg, Germany). Kollidon K30^® (Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) was donated by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Pluronic F127 (PL-127, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Neusilin^® US2 (amorphous magnesium aluminometasilicate) was obtained from Grace (Worms, Germany).

Posaconazole (POS, > 99.5% purity, 4-[4-[4-[4-[[(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)tetrahydro- 5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-2-[(1S,2S)-1-ethyl- 2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, Wuhan ChemNorm Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China) was used as a model drug. Two amorphous polymers, i.e., Kollidon K30 (K30, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), and Kollidon VA64 (KVA, poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate)), both from BASF, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany, and two semi-crystalline polymers, Kollicoat IR (KIR, Macrogol poly(vinyl alcohol)Grafted Copolymer, BASF, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany), and Parteck MXP (PXP, poly(vinyl alcohol), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) were used as polymeric matrices for ASD. The physical mixtures, containing crystalline POS and one of the listed polymers in concentrations from 10 to 70 wt.% of the polymer, were prepared by co-mixing the appropriate amount of the materials inside an agate mortar. The binary systems, containing an amorphous form of POS, were obtained after the physical mixture’s melt quench. The water used in all tests was produced by an Elix 15UV Essential reversed osmosis system (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). All other reagents were of the analytical grade.

RSV from grape seed (98%) was purchased from Thanen Chem (Changzhou, China). Kolliphor EL, Kolliphor P188, Kolliphor P407, Kolliphor RH40, and Kollidon K30 were obtained from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, acetone, methanol, dichloromethane, ethanol, and ammonium carbonate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Tween 80 and HPMC K100LV were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Colorcon (West Point, PA, USA), respectively. Mannitol was obtained from Roquette (Lestrem, France)