Samples for modulated differential calorimetry were prepared as triplicates for each formulation inside a nitrogen glovebox and maintained at an RH of less than 10%. Each Tzero aluminum pan (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was loaded with 2–4 mg of dried sample and sealed using Tzero hermetic lids (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). A Discovery Series DSC 25 differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was operated with a heating ramp rate of 2°C/min from −5°C to 180°C and modulation of ±1°C every 60 s. An in-built TRIOS software package (v4.3.0, TA instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was used to determine glass transition temperature (Tg).
Tzero aluminum pan
Manufactured by TA Instruments
Sourced in United States
Tzero aluminum pans are designed for use with thermal analysis instruments. They are made of high-quality aluminum material and are intended to hold samples during thermal analysis experiments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Discovery dsc, by TA Instruments (5 mentions)
Tzero hermetic lid, by TA Instruments (2 mentions)
Trios software package, by TA Instruments (2 mentions)
Q2000 dsc instrument, by TA Instruments (2 mentions)
Dsc q2000, by TA Instruments (2 mentions)
Trios software, by TA Instruments (2 mentions)
Discovery tga, by TA Instruments (2 mentions)
Universal analysis software, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Dsc apparatus q200, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Universal analysis 2000, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Discovery series dsc 25, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Ta universal analysis software universal analysis 2000 version 4.5a, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Discovery 2500, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
19 protocols using tzero aluminum pan
1
Modulated Differential Calorimetry for Thermal Analysis
2
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis Protocol
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Two instruments of each brand were used for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis; to prepare the samples for analysis, multiple sections of 1-4 mm were cut from each instrument using manual diagonal cutting and weighed to an accuracy of AE0.01 mg before being placed in a preweighed Tzero aluminum pan (TA Instruments, New Caste, DE) and nonhermetically sealed. Samples were prepared starting at the instrument tip in short sections with the aim of achieving a total sample weight of approximately 10-20 mg.
Each sample was placed in a Q2000 DSC instrument (TA Instruments) along with an empty Tzero aluminum reference pan. The purge gas used was nitrogen at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. The samples were first heated to 60 C and then cooled to À60 C at a rate of À10 C/ min followed immediately by a heating cycle at 10 C/min up to 60 C. The heating/cooling cycle was performed 3 times per sample. Some samples were cycled at AE90 C instead because their transformations occurred at more extreme temperatures.
All data were analyzed using TA Instruments' Universal Analysis software. The starting and finishing temperatures were determined as the intersection of the line tangent to the curve at its point of inflection and the baseline. Baselines were selected using TA Instruments' sigmoid tangent method (selecting 4 points).
Each sample was placed in a Q2000 DSC instrument (TA Instruments) along with an empty Tzero aluminum reference pan. The purge gas used was nitrogen at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. The samples were first heated to 60 C and then cooled to À60 C at a rate of À10 C/ min followed immediately by a heating cycle at 10 C/min up to 60 C. The heating/cooling cycle was performed 3 times per sample. Some samples were cycled at AE90 C instead because their transformations occurred at more extreme temperatures.
All data were analyzed using TA Instruments' Universal Analysis software. The starting and finishing temperatures were determined as the intersection of the line tangent to the curve at its point of inflection and the baseline. Baselines were selected using TA Instruments' sigmoid tangent method (selecting 4 points).
3
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis
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All scans were obtained using a TA DSC Q2000 model with a TA Refrigerated Cooling System 90 (RCS) and an autosampler. The samples were sealed in the glovebox in TA Tzero aluminum pans with hermetic lids. The temperature was ramped from −90 to 100°C at 5°C min−1, then stabilized at 100°C for 5 min, and subsequently cooled to −90°C at 5°C min−1, then stabilized for 5 min, and the whole cycle was repeated two more times; the DSC chamber was filled with dry nitrogen. Curves representative of glass transitions are shown in Figure S6 .
4
Thermal Characterization of Polyols
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A modulated DSC Q2000 (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) equipped with a liquid-nitrogen cooling system (LNCS) was employed for determining the phase/state transitions of polyols at the supercooling temperature. Instrument was also calibrated with indium and sapphire. Samples of about 8–19 mg were encapsulated in Tzero® aluminum pans (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Thermograms were acquired in the temperature range of 113–323 K at a heating rate 278 K/min. A temperature amplitude of ±274 K with a period of 40 s, and isothermal at 113 K by 5 min was used as the thermal procedure. The Tg, Tv, Tm, and Tc values; solid–solid (Ts-s) and liquid–liquid (TL-L) transitions; and devitrification temperatures (Tdv) were identified from the thermograms. Each experiment was repeated three times.
5
Thermal Analysis of Material Samples
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TMDSC was performed using DSC apparatus Q200, TA instruments, New Castle, DE, USA. Room-conditioned samples were tested using Tzero aluminum pans (TA instruments) in the temperature range from −50 to 250 °C with 5 °C min−1 heating rate, modulation amplitude of 1 °C, and a period of 60 s under nitrogen flow (50 mL min−1).
6
Thermal Analysis of Polyol Samples
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A modulated DSC Q200 (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) equipped with an RCS90 cooling system was employed for determining the phase transitions of polyol samples. Instrument was calibrated with indium for melting temperature, and enthalpy; meanwhile, sapphire was used as the standard for the heat capacity (Cp) calibration. Samples of 29–32 mg were encapsulated in Tzero® aluminum pans (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA), and kept under an isothermal condition of 178 K during 5 min. Thermograms were acquired at heating rates of 275, 278 and 283 K/min over a temperature range of 183–573 K. Thermograms were analyzed using the Universal Analysis 2000© software (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) and glass transition (Tg), vitrification (Tv), crystallization (Tc) and melting (Tm) temperatures were determined.
Modulated DSC experiments were carried out in the same equipment, and under the same experimental conditions as regular DSC measurements. The only difference was in the properties of the heating flux, which was set with temperature amplitude of ±274 K and a period of 40 s. All tests were done by triplicate.
Modulated DSC experiments were carried out in the same equipment, and under the same experimental conditions as regular DSC measurements. The only difference was in the properties of the heating flux, which was set with temperature amplitude of ±274 K and a period of 40 s. All tests were done by triplicate.
7
Protein Denaturation Profiling by DSC
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The denaturation profile of the proteins was determined by differential scanning calorimetry using a TA Instruments Calorimeter Model Discovery (New Castle, USA). To obtain the profile decomposition, 5 to 10 mg of the corresponding protein was sealed in Tzero aluminum pans (TA Instruments, New Castle, USA). After 3 min at 25 °C the system was heated at a rate of 5 °C/min until achieving the full ending of the denaturation endotherm was achieved. The TD was determined at the maximum heat flow of the corresponding endotherm, using the first derivative of the heat flow and the equipment software (Trios V 3.3.0.4055; TA Instruments-Waters LLC, New Castle, DE).
8
Glass Transition Analysis of Polymeric Materials
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A modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC) Q200 (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) equipped with an RCS90 cooling system was employed for determining the glass transition (Tg). The instrument was calibrated with indium for melting temperature and enthalpy, while sapphire was used as the standard for heat capacity (Cp). Samples of about 10 mg were encapsulated in Tzero® aluminum pans, (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Thermograms were acquired at a temperature range of −50 to 250 °C, with a modulation period of 40 s and amplitude of 1.5 °C. Each experiment was repeated three times.
9
Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Powders
10
Thermal Profiling of Tardigrades, CAHS, and Yeast
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