GE Vivid 7 Dimension color Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus was applied, and M3S probe with a frequency of 1.7–3.4 MHz was chosen. Subjects were surveyed at calm breathing with left lateral position; electrocardiogram and heart rate were simultaneously recorded. According to simplified Bernoulli equation, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was estimated by the reflux peak of systolic tricuspid regurgitation (sPAP =4 Vmax2 (link) + right atrial pressure). All patients completed the examination. If sPAP >36 mmHg, PH was diagnosed. Then, patients with COPD were divided into PH and non-PH groups.
M3s probe
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in Germany, Norway
The M3S probe is a medical imaging device designed for ultrasound-guided procedures. It is a component used in conjunction with compatible ultrasound systems. The M3S probe delivers high-quality imaging to assist healthcare professionals in various clinical applications.
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4 protocols using m3s probe
1
Estimating Pulmonary Hypertension in COPD
2
Targeted Ad-p53 Delivery with Ultrasound
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The rabbit models that survived for 15 days were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group). The rabbits were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium, fixed and, under the sterile conditions, the skin and the subcutaneous tissues of the groin area were incised layer by layer until the femoral artery was exposed. A radial artery puncture needle was used to puncture the femoral artery and, under the guidance of Coroskop TOP digital subtraction machine (Siemens AG, Munich, Germany) and with the aid of a microwire, a microcatheter was placed in the tumor-bearing artery. In group one (control group), 10 ml saline was infused through the catheter; in group two (p53 group), 10 ml Ad-p53 was infused through the microcatheter [(1×1011 viral particles (vp); SiBiono GeneTech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China]; in group three [p53 plus ultrasonic irradiation (p53+US) group], 10 ml Ad-p53 and 0.05 ml/kg ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue®; Bracco, Milan, Italy) were infused through the microcatheter (1×1011 vp) under ultrasonic irradiation (using a Vivid 7 Ultrasound with an M3S probe operating at a frequency of 3.4 MHz and a mechanical index of 1.0; GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany). Postoperatively, the femoral artery was ligated and the incision was sutured.
3
Cardiac Ultrasound for Diastolic Function
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GE Vivid 7 color ultrasonic device (General Electric Company) and M3S probe with 2.5 MHz were used for analysis and measurement by specialist physicians in ultrasonic medicine. Subjects were in supine position breathing calmly, and their ECG was synchronously recorded to obtain the standard two-dimensional images of sections of the heart, and the frequency spectrums of valve orifices and pulmonary vein. Left ventricular diastolic function was determined with respect to mitral valve early peak flow velocity (EPFV), atrial peak flow velocity (APFV), maximum flow velocity ratio of early to atrial diastole (EPFV/APFV) and peak mitral annulus velocity (E/E′).
4
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Evaluation
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Echocardiography was performed using M3S probe, Vivid 9 or E95 (GE® Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Horten, Norway). All images were digitally stored for offline analysis using EchoPAC® version 203 (GE Vingmed Ultrasound®). Complete two dimensional and Doppler images were acquired according to standard techniques, and two-dimensional measurements were obtained in conventional views over 3 separate cardiac cycles. [12] (link) Evaluation of diastolic function included conventional Doppler-based measurements. Pulsed-wave Doppler velocities were measured from the apical four-chamber view by positioning a 2-mm sample volume at the extremity of the mitral leaflets. Tissue Doppler was applied in the pulsed Doppler mode to record E’ mitral annular velocities at the septal and lateral corners. Tricuspid regurgitation continuous Doppler flow was acquired as well as vena cava maximal diameter and excursion. [13] (link) To study longitudinal LV systolic function, two-dimensional recordings of apical four-chamber, two-chamber, and three-chamber views were obtained at a frame rate > 50 Hz.
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