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3 protocols using maltulose

1

Hydrolytic Activity of LacA β-Galactosidase

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Lactose monohydrate and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were supplied by VWR (Barcelona, Spain). MOPS (3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid), xylitol, phenyl-βglucoside, maltulose, maltose, cellobiose, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose, and pNP-β-Dgalactopyranoside were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Stenheim, Germany).
Erythritol, isomaltulose, gentiobiose, isomaltose, lactulose and 2'-fucosyl-lactose, were purchased from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 were supplied by Merck (Steinheim, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade. The hydrolytic activity of LacA β-galactosidase (1.16 U mL -1 ) was also assayed by incubation at 30⁰C of different carbohydrates such as lactose, lactulose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, maltose, isomaltulose and sucrose at 200 g L -1 with 300 μL of enzyme in 50 mM of MOPS buffer supplemented with 20 mM of NaCl (pH=7) to a final volume of 1 mL. In the case of 2-fucosyl-lactose, isomaltose, nigerose and maltulose the concentration was 0.5 g L -1 . Reactions were stopped at 24 hours by heating at 100ºC for 5 min and samples were stored at -20⁰C for the subsequent analysis. Reactions were carried out in triplicate (n = 3). All these hydrolytic reactions were monitored by GC-FID.
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2

Comparative Analysis of Carbohydrate Compounds

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Sucrose, turanose, maltulose, leucrose, and palatinose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Isomaltose, maltose, gentiobiose, cellobiose, and trehalose were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA). Chloroform and methanol were purchased from Acros organics (New Jersey, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), respectively.
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3

Carbohydrate Composition of Infant Formulas

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Analytical reference substances such as fructose, galactose, glucose, myo-inositol, lactose, maltulose, maltose, kestose, nystose and maltodextrins with a degree of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 5 were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Raftilose ® and Wako ® FOS were from Orafti (ORAFTI, Barcelona, Spain) and Wako (Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), respectively. Vivinal ® GOS were from Domo (Friesland Campina Domo, Amersfoort, Netherlands).
Twenty four IFs were purchased from several Spanish chemist's, corresponding to starting and follow-up formulas without prebiotics (n=8), 4 with lactose (C) and 4 lactose free (LF), and prebiotic-enriched IF (n=16), 3 with FOS (PFOS), 7 with GOS (PGOS), and 6 with mixtures of GOS/FOS (PGOS/FOS). Table 1 shows their carbohydrate composition as indicated on the product labels. All samples were analysed before their expiry date and all determinations were done in duplicate.
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