The
UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded on an HP8453 UV–vis
spectrophotometer. The fluorescence emission spectra were measured
with an FS5 spectrofluorometer (Edinburgh Instrument Ltd., U.K.).
The absolute fluorescence quantum yields were determined by a C13534
UV–NIR spectrometer, equipped with an optical integration sphere
(Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan). Fluorescence lifetimes were recorded
on an OB920 luminescent lifetime spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments
Ltd., U.K.) equipped with a 510 nm EPL picosecond pulsed laser for
excitation, and the decay traces were measured with the time-correlated
single photon counting (TCSPC) technique. Cyclic voltammograms were
performed using a CHI610D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai, China).
The nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectra were measured
with an LP980 laser flash photolysis spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments
Ltd., U.K.). Opolette HE 355 UV tunable laser systems (OPOTEK Inc.)
were used for excitation (210–2400 nm). Typical laser power
was 5 mJ per pulse. The signal was digitized on a Tektronix TDS 3012B
oscilloscope.
UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded on an HP8453 UV–vis
spectrophotometer. The fluorescence emission spectra were measured
with an FS5 spectrofluorometer (Edinburgh Instrument Ltd., U.K.).
The absolute fluorescence quantum yields were determined by a C13534
UV–NIR spectrometer, equipped with an optical integration sphere
(Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan). Fluorescence lifetimes were recorded
on an OB920 luminescent lifetime spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments
Ltd., U.K.) equipped with a 510 nm EPL picosecond pulsed laser for
excitation, and the decay traces were measured with the time-correlated
single photon counting (TCSPC) technique. Cyclic voltammograms were
performed using a CHI610D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai, China).
The nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectra were measured
with an LP980 laser flash photolysis spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments
Ltd., U.K.). Opolette HE 355 UV tunable laser systems (OPOTEK Inc.)
were used for excitation (210–2400 nm). Typical laser power
was 5 mJ per pulse. The signal was digitized on a Tektronix TDS 3012B
oscilloscope.