Sorafenib

Pimozide was purchased from J&K Scientific (P447800). Chloroquine (CQ) was purchased from Solarbio (IC4440). Sorafenib was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (SC0236). The caspase-6 activity assay kit and diamidino-phenyl-indole were purchased from Solarbio (BC3860). Epac-SH187 was purchased from Vector Biolabs. MTT was purchased from Solarbio (M8180). Antibodies against RAF1, phospho-ERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), and Bax were purchased from Elabscience (E-AB-60020, E-AB-70310, E-AB-10049). Antibodies against ERK 1/2, phosphor-RAF1 (Ser338), cleaved caspase-9, Bcl-xl, and Hippo signaling antibody sampler kit were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (9102, 9427, D8I9E, 54H6, 8579). Antibodies against mTOR, phospho-mTOR (phospho S2448), LC3B, and SQSTM1/p62 were purchased from Abcam (ab32028, ab109268, ab51520, ab109012). Antibodies against Bcl-2 and β-actin were purchased from Bioss (bs-0032 R, bs-0061 R/bsm -33,036 M). Antibodies against Ki-67 were purchased from Zhongshanjinqiao Biological Technology Ltd (TA500265).

Mm C was synthesized by Shanghai SIMR Biotech. Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China) with a purity of 95.65% (Supplementary Figure 6). MTT, sorafenib, reduced glutathione (GSH) detection kit, BCA kit for protein quantification, intracellular ATP detection kit and JC-1 MMP detection kit were from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit was from Nanjing KeyGEN Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). GSH, rotenone and cyclosporine A (Cs A) were from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). NAC was from Aladdin Biotech (Beijing, China). Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) was from abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Valinomycin was from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China).