The thermal analysis of the starch was carried out using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC 823e, Mettler Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland); thermograms were evaluated by STARe software (V 9.00, Mettler Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland). Starch samples (15 mg) were weighed and placed into 100 mL aluminum pans with 30 µL of deionized water. These pans were then hermetically sealed and allowed to stand for 24 h at room temperature before DSC analysis. Pans were subjected to the following DSC conditions: 5 min at 25 °C and heating until 120 °C at 10 °C/min. An empty and sealed pan was used as a reference for all measurements. Thermal behaviors were characterized through onset temperature (To), conclusion temperature (Tc) and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH). Analyses were performed in triplicate.
Dsc823e
Manufactured by Mettler Toledo
Sourced in Switzerland, United States, United Kingdom
The DSC823e is a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) that measures the heat flow associated with transitions in materials as a function of temperature and time. It provides quantitative and qualitative information about physical and chemical changes that involve endothermic or exothermic processes or changes in heat capacity.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Stare software, by Mettler Toledo (7 mentions)
Ft 900, by Julabo (3 mentions)
Alpha spectrometer, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Jsm 7001fa, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Cross section polisher, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Miniflex 600, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Evo ma10, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
500 mhz nmr, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Stare software version 9, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Spectrum 400, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Nicolet is10 spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dsc 821e, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Me 51119870, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Supra 55, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Nicolet is10, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jem 2100, by JEOL (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Multimode 8, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Tga sdta 851, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran hplc grade, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
63 protocols using dsc823e
1
Thermal Analysis of Starch Gelatinization
2
Characterization of Ga Microcapsules for Thermal Energy Storage
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The surface and
cross-section morphology of the Ga microcapsules at each stage were
observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; JEOL, JSM-7001FA),
and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed
to investigate the elemental distribution of the cross-section. The
cross-section of the microcapsule was prepared using a cross-section
polisher (CP, JEOL cross-section polisher). The chemical and phase
compositions of the MEPCM were determined via X-ray diffraction (XRD,
Rigaku Miniflex600, D/teX Ultra2, Cu Kα). The weight change
and temperature response during calcination were characterized using
a Mettler Toledo TG/DSC 3+ thermogravimetry (TG) device. The heat
storage capacity and phase change characteristics of the MEPCM were
measured using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyzer
(DSC-823e, Mettler Toledo) under an Ar atmosphere at a heating and
cooling rate of 1 K·min–1. The durability testing
of the MEPCM was also performed via DSC, wherein Ga-MEPCM samples
were cyclically heated and cooled from 50 to −50 °C to
simulate practical melting–solidification thermal cycles. After
durability testing, the sample was also measured via DSC and SEM/EDS
to investigate its performance.
cross-section morphology of the Ga microcapsules at each stage were
observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; JEOL, JSM-7001FA),
and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed
to investigate the elemental distribution of the cross-section. The
cross-section of the microcapsule was prepared using a cross-section
polisher (CP, JEOL cross-section polisher). The chemical and phase
compositions of the MEPCM were determined via X-ray diffraction (XRD,
Rigaku Miniflex600, D/teX Ultra2, Cu Kα). The weight change
and temperature response during calcination were characterized using
a Mettler Toledo TG/DSC 3+ thermogravimetry (TG) device. The heat
storage capacity and phase change characteristics of the MEPCM were
measured using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyzer
(DSC-823e, Mettler Toledo) under an Ar atmosphere at a heating and
cooling rate of 1 K·min–1. The durability testing
of the MEPCM was also performed via DSC, wherein Ga-MEPCM samples
were cyclically heated and cooled from 50 to −50 °C to
simulate practical melting–solidification thermal cycles. After
durability testing, the sample was also measured via DSC and SEM/EDS
to investigate its performance.
3
Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Amorphous and Crystalline Samples
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DSC experiments
were performed using a DSC823e (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland)
equipped with a refrigerated cooling system (Julabo FT 900, Seelbach,
Germany). Nitrogen was used as a purge gas (50 mL/min).
Samples
of 5–10 mg were tightly packed into standard aluminum crucibles
(40 μL) with pierced lids. The samples were equilibrated at
25 °C for 3 min and then linearly heated with a heating rate
of 10 °C/min to 20 °C above their respective melting points.
Measurements of both amorphous and crystalline samples were recorded
in triplicate, and thermal events were analyzed using the STARe software
(Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland). Temperatures and melting
enthalpies were used to estimate the free energy difference between
the amorphous and crystalline forms.
were performed using a DSC823e (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland)
equipped with a refrigerated cooling system (Julabo FT 900, Seelbach,
Germany). Nitrogen was used as a purge gas (50 mL/min).
Samples
of 5–10 mg were tightly packed into standard aluminum crucibles
(40 μL) with pierced lids. The samples were equilibrated at
25 °C for 3 min and then linearly heated with a heating rate
of 10 °C/min to 20 °C above their respective melting points.
Measurements of both amorphous and crystalline samples were recorded
in triplicate, and thermal events were analyzed using the STARe software
(Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland). Temperatures and melting
enthalpies were used to estimate the free energy difference between
the amorphous and crystalline forms.
4
Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Compound Purity
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DSC measurements
were conducted to determine the purity and the solid-state form of
the initial samples. A DSC823e (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland)
equipped with a cooling system (Julabo FT 900, Seelbach, Germany)
was used. Nitrogen with a flow rate of 50 mL/min was used as the purge
gas.
Samples of 2–5 mg were packed into standard aluminum
crucibles (40 μL) with pierced lids. The samples were equilibrated
at 25 °C for 3 min and then linearly heated with a heating rate
of 10 °C/min. Measurements of the five initial compounds were
performed in triplicate. Thermal events were analyzed using STARe
software (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland).
were conducted to determine the purity and the solid-state form of
the initial samples. A DSC823e (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland)
equipped with a cooling system (Julabo FT 900, Seelbach, Germany)
was used. Nitrogen with a flow rate of 50 mL/min was used as the purge
gas.
Samples of 2–5 mg were packed into standard aluminum
crucibles (40 μL) with pierced lids. The samples were equilibrated
at 25 °C for 3 min and then linearly heated with a heating rate
of 10 °C/min. Measurements of the five initial compounds were
performed in triplicate. Thermal events were analyzed using STARe
software (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland).
5
Thermal Analysis of Polymer Composites
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Mettler Toledo DSC823e was utilized to assess the melting temperature, the heat of fusion, and the crystallization temperature. Samples of 5–10 mg were used for these tests. Two heating and cooling cycles from 50 to 190 °C at 10 °C/min were used to remove the thermal history and collect data similar to the RM processing cycle.
Crystallinity was calculated based on the following equation [25 (link)]:
where Δh is the enthalpy of fusion of the polymer and respective composite and Δhfusion is the specific enthalpy of fusion for PE, evaluated as 293 J/g (theoretical enthalpy of 100% crystallinity PE [26 ]).
Crystallinity was calculated based on the following equation [25 (link)]:
where Δh is the enthalpy of fusion of the polymer and respective composite and Δhfusion is the specific enthalpy of fusion for PE, evaluated as 293 J/g (theoretical enthalpy of 100% crystallinity PE [26 ]).
6
Thermal Analysis of Polymorphic Transitions
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DSC experiments
were performed using a DSC823e (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland)
equipped with a refrigerated cooling system (Julabo FT 900, Seelbach,
Germany). Nitrogen was used as a purge gas (50 mL/min).
Samples
(2–5 mg) were tightly packed into standard aluminum crucibles
(40 μL) with pierced lids. Two different procedures were used
in these measurements. For determination of melting temperature and
enthalpy, the samples were equilibrated at 25 °C for 3 min and
then linearly heated with a heating rate of 10 °C/min to 180
°C. For determination of heat capacities, the samples were equilibrated
at 140 °C and then heated up to 180 °C using a TOPEM-modulated
heating program with a heating rate of 1 °C/min and a pulse height
of 1 °C. Samples were measured in triplicate, and thermal events
were analyzed using STARe software (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland).
Temperatures of melting, enthalpies of melting, and heat capacities
were used to estimate the free-energy difference between the α
and γ polymorphs.
were performed using a DSC823e (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland)
equipped with a refrigerated cooling system (Julabo FT 900, Seelbach,
Germany). Nitrogen was used as a purge gas (50 mL/min).
Samples
(2–5 mg) were tightly packed into standard aluminum crucibles
(40 μL) with pierced lids. Two different procedures were used
in these measurements. For determination of melting temperature and
enthalpy, the samples were equilibrated at 25 °C for 3 min and
then linearly heated with a heating rate of 10 °C/min to 180
°C. For determination of heat capacities, the samples were equilibrated
at 140 °C and then heated up to 180 °C using a TOPEM-modulated
heating program with a heating rate of 1 °C/min and a pulse height
of 1 °C. Samples were measured in triplicate, and thermal events
were analyzed using STARe software (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland).
Temperatures of melting, enthalpies of melting, and heat capacities
were used to estimate the free-energy difference between the α
and γ polymorphs.
7
Thermal Analysis of COL–CS and COL–CS–LG Membranes
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Thermal analysis of COL–CS and COL–CS–LG 0.7% membranes before and after gamma radiation was conducted using a DSC 823e calorimeter supplied by Mettler Toledo (Greifensee, Switzerland), previously calibrated with indium standard. The samples, weighing between 8 and 10 mg, were packed in aluminum pans and placed in the DSC cell. The samples were heated from ambient temperature up to 220 °C at a rate of 10 °C min−1. The melting enthalpy (∆Hm) and peak melting temperature (Tm) were evaluated using the heating cycle.
8
Microstructure and Thermal Properties Analysis
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS EVO-MA10, Germany) was utilized to examine the internal microstructure and surface morphology of the composites. A coating of fine particles of gold was applied to all the samples before scanning. Thermal conductivity of samples was measured using the thermal conductivity analyzer (C-THERM, TCi, Canada). The test specimen for thermal conductivity testing should be thicker than 5 mm. C-THERM TCi uses the source of the altered transient plane approach. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC823e, METTLER, Switzerland) was employed for the analysis of other thermal properties of the prepared samples.
9
Thermal Analysis of Collagen and Cellulose Acetate Films
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Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of collagen and CA films was performed using a differential scanning colorimeter (DSC 823e, Mettler Toledo, Nänikon, Switzerland) with slight modification from the method of Rochdi, Foucat, and Renou [59 (link)]. Indium standard was run to calibrate the temperature. Approximately 8 mg of the freeze-dried CA films were weighed into an aluminum pan and sealed. The collagen was scanned over the range of 20–50 °C, at scanning rate of 1 °C min−1. Whilst the CA films were scanned at 5 °C min−1 over the range of 25–180 °C [60 (link)]. An empty aluminum pan was used as a reference. The denaturation temperature (Td) of the collagen and CA films was determined from the first peak of the thermogram.
10
Thermal Analysis of Pharmaceutical Samples
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DSC analysis of SIM, SOL, SC–SOL, SC–SIM, PMs and SDs was carried out using a DSC823e instrument (Mettler-Toledo, LLC, Leicester, UK) under constant flow of nitrogen. For each sample, approximately 3 mg to 4 mg were accurately weighed and hermetically sealed in aluminium crucibles. The sealed pans were then placed in the DSC sample holder and heated at a rate of 10 °C per minute. The thermogram was collected over the temperature range of 20 °C to 200 °C.
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