HT29 cells were plated at 12,000 cells per well into 96-well plates. Cells were allowed to adhere for 24 h and serum-starved for an additional 24 h. Cells were then treated for 48 h with ZnCl
2 and/or ATRA (Stem Cell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada), as indicated. Controls involved no ZnCl
2 or
DMSO (0.1%; Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) vehicle. After the indicated time, cells were washed in PBS and stained in 0.5%
crystal violet (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution for 20 min. Excess
crystal violet was then washed off with deionized water and left to dry at room temperature for at least 24 h. Dried
crystal violet stain was then re-suspended in 10% acetic acid solution and the optical density measured at 570 nm using a Tecan
Infinite F200 Pro Multi-Plate Reader. Data were quantified using Tecan i-Control 1.8 software and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 365. Values reflect cell proliferation, as our standard curve showed that the absorbance values from
crystal violet stain were directly proportional to cell number. The proliferation index was calculated by normalizing cell proliferation index of treated to untreated cells. Biological replicates were performed in triplicate with 6 technical replicates per condition, and the average was plotted with standard error of the mean (SEM) indicated.
Facey C.O., Hunsu V.O., Zhang C., Osmond B., Opdenaker L.M, & Boman B.M. (2024). CYP26A1 Links WNT and Retinoic Acid Signaling: A Target to Differentiate ALDH+ Stem Cells in APC-Mutant CRC. Cancers, 16(2), 264.