Antibody against glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh

LY294002, DAPI, antibodies against β-actin, α-tubulin (DM1A), OGT and HA were products of Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibody against Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was the product of Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against AKT, AKT-pS473, AKT-pT308, Bad, p-Bad (Ser136), Cleaved Caspase3, Caspase3, cleaved PARP were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). ECL kit, protein G agarose beads, and antibody against O-GlcNAc-modified proteins (RL2) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockland, IL, USA). Antibody against OGA was a gift from S. W. Whiteheart (University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY). Peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories (West Grove, PA). Alexa 488- conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, and TO-PRO-3 iodide (642/661) were from life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). CellTiter 96® Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay and DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL kits were from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Caspase 3 Assay Kit (Colorimetric) was from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).

DMEM with high glucose, F-12 Nutrient Mixture, trypan blue, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics penicillin G, and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Ribonuclease A (RNase A) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Antibodies against phospho-JNK (Thr¹⁸³/Tyr¹⁸⁵) (#9101), total-JNK (#9102), cleaved caspase 9 (#7237), and cleaved caspase 3 (#9961) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (San Jose, CA, USA). Antibody against Bax (GTX61026) was obtained from Genetex (Alton Parkway, Irvine, CA, USA). Antibody against glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Both anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies conjugated to peroxidase were purchased from Leadgene Biomedical (#20102 and #20202, resp., Tainan, Taiwan). Annexin V-Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) staining kit was purchased from Strong Biotech Co. (Taipei, Taiwan).