Local skin blood flow was monitored at a rate of 1 Hz on the dorsal side of the left forearm (non‐glabrous skin location), and the palmar side of the distal phalanx of the left index finger (glabrous skin location) by laser‐Doppler flowmetry (VMS‐LDF2; Moor Instruments, Axminster, UK) using optic probes (VP1/7; Moor Instruments), which were firmly connected to the skin with double‐sided adhesive tape. All laser‐Doppler probes were calibrated before each session against Brownian motion with a standardized colloidal suspension of polystyrene microspheres. Skin blood flow was reported as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), calculated as skin blood flow divided by MAP.
Vms ldf2
Manufactured by Moor Instruments
Sourced in United Kingdom
The VMS-LDF2 is a laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) device designed for lab use. It measures microvascular blood flow in tissue. The device uses a laser to detect the Doppler shift in light reflected from moving blood cells, which is proportional to the speed of blood flow.
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Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using vms ldf2
1
Monitoring Skin Blood Flow via Laser-Doppler
2
Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Model
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The transient GCI model was generated as previously described (16 (link)). In brief, ischemia was induced via bilateral carotid artery ligation under conditions of arterial hypotension. A laser Doppler monitoring system (VMS-LDF2; Moor Instruments, Axminster, UK) was used to monitor cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the procedure. The sensor of the monitor was placed (and fixed with bone cement) 1–2 mm posterior and 4–5 mm lateral to the bregma on the left or right skull hemisphere after a small midline skin incision had been made on the same side. For blood withdrawal and re-infusion, the right jugular vein was cannulated with a silicone catheter. After heparinization (50 units), blood was quickly drawn through the jugular vein until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) attained 25–30 mmHg and the reduction in regional CBF was 50% from baseline. The two common carotid arteries were then clamped with vascular clips for 10 min, and the MAP was maintained at 25–30 mmHg during the ischemic period. The clips were carefully removed from both arteries and the withdrawn blood was slowly re-infused. After completion of the procedure, the rats were given 0.5% bupivacaine injections around all of the incision sites and were allowed to recover from anesthesia at room temperature.
3
Ischemic Stroke Mouse Model Protocol
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The brain ischemic stroke mouse model was established as described before with slight modifications38 (link). In brief, six- to eight-week-old male mice (~22 g) were anesthetized with an injection of 5% chloral hydrate (20 mL kg−1). Rectal and temporalis muscle temperature was maintained at 37 ± 0.5 °C with a thermostatically controlled heating pad and lamp. A suture of 0.105 mm in diameter with a 0.2-mm-diameter tip (Jia-Ling Biological Technology, China) was inserted into the internal carotid artery (ICA) through a cut of the external carotid artery to occlude the MCA for 30 min. Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry (VMS-LDF2; Moor Instruments Ltd, UK). Mice showing less than 20% reduction in cerebral blood flow at the core regions of the MCA territory were excluded from the study. After reperfusion for 24 h, animals were sacrificed for experimentation and the infarction volumes of the brain were determined by TTC (BBI Life Sciences, A610558-0025) staining.
4
Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice
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The experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.5 (link) The brain transient focal ischemia was induced by suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in seven- to eight-week-old male mice, including wild-type (WT) (∼25 g), Pdgfrα-creER™; Rosa26-mGFP (∼25 g) and Pdgfrα-creER™; Kir4.1f/f mice (∼15 g) with congenic C57BL/6 background. Rectal and temporalis muscle temperature was maintained at 37 ± 0.5 °C with a thermostatically controlled heating pad and lamp. Mice were anesthetized and a suture of 0.105 mm in diameter with a 0.2-mm-diameter tip (Jia-Ling Biological Technology, China) was inserted into the internal carotid artery (ICA) through a cut of the external carotid artery to occlude the MCA for 40 min. Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry (VMS-LDF2; Moor Instruments Ltd, UK). Mice showing less than 20% reduction in cerebral blood flow at the core regions of the MCA territory were excluded from the study.
5
Establishing Mouse MCAO Model
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Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (purchased from Jiesijie Lab Animal Ltd, Shanghai, China). The animal study was reviewed and approved by Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University. The mouse MCAO model was established as described previously (Song et al., 2018 (link)) to induce ischemic lesions. In brief, mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 1% pentobarbital sodium (35 mg/kg). A thermostatically controlled heating pad was utilized to maintain rectal temperature at 37°C. An intraluminal filament (Guangzhou Jialing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China) with a 0.105-mm-diameter body and a 0.2-mm-diameter tip was inserted into the internal carotid artery through the severed external carotid artery to obstruct MCA blood flow for 30 min. Laser Doppler flowmetry (VMS-LDF2; Moor Instruments Ltd, United Kingdom) was performed to monitor regional cerebral blood flow. This study excluded mice with less than 20% reduction in cerebral blood flow in the core area of the MCA area. Animals were sacrificed after 24 h of reperfusion.
6
Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring During pMCAO
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During pMCAO, relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes were measured by laser speckle contrast imaging (PeriCam PSI; Perimed) using PimSoft software (Perimed) at a resolution of 60 μm/pixel. Baseline CBF was recorded for 5 min before pMCAO induction. During tMCAO, local CBF was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry (VMS LDF2; Moor instruments) through the thinned skull.
7
Laser-Doppler Skin Blood Flux Monitoring
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Local skin blood flux was monitored continuously at a rate of 10 Hz on the palmar side of the distal phalanx of the right index finger by laser-Doppler flowmetry (VMS-LDF2; Moor Instruments, Axminster, UK) using optic probes (VP1/7; Moor Instruments, UK), which was firmly connected to the skin with double-sided adhesive tape. Skin blood flux was reported as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), calculated as skin blood flux divided by MAP.
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