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Mouse anti parvalbumin

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The Mouse anti-parvalbumin is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of the parvalbumin protein in various samples. Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein that plays a role in muscle relaxation and neuronal function. This antibody can be used in techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA to identify and measure parvalbumin levels in biological samples.

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14 protocols using mouse anti parvalbumin

1

Immunohistochemistry Staining Protocol

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Slides were left to thaw to room temperature for 20 min and given three washes in 1X PBS for 10 min each. They were then incubated for 1 h with 10% Protein Block, Serum-Free (Dako, Mississauga, ON) in 1X PBS. After this, slides were incubated overnight at room temperature with a primary antibody in an antibody solution of 1% Protein Block, 1% Bovine Serum Albumin and 98% 1X PBS with 0.1% Triton X-100. The following primary antibodies were used: Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin (WFA; 1:1000; Vector Labs, Philadelphia, PA), mouse anti-Parvalbumin (1:2000; Swant, Switzerland), rabbit anti-IBA1 (1:200; Dako, Mississauga, ON); and mouse anti-GFAP (1:200; Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON). Slides were washed again three times, twice in 1X PBS with 1% tween-20 and then once in 1X PBS. Sections were then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with secondary antibodies in antibody solution. Secondary antibodies were as follows: Streptavidin 647 (1:200; Invitrogen, Burlington, ON), donkey anti-mouse Alexa Fluor® 488 (1:200; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) and donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor® 647 (1:200; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). Slides were again washed three times, twice in PBS with 1% Tween-20 and once in 1X PBS. Slides were mounted with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole in vectashield mounting medium).
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2

Immunohistochemistry of Neural Markers

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The following primary antibodies were used in these experiments: mouse anti- NeuN (Millipore, Etobicoke, Canada; MAB377, 1:1000), Rabbit anti-μ-opioid receptor (Immunostar, Hudson, USA; #24216; 1:8000), mouse anti-parvalbumin (Swant, Fribourg, Switzerland; #235; 1:5000) and rabbit anti-ChAT (Millipore; AB143; 1:600). Sections were removed from antifreeze, rinsed six times in PBS, and then incubated for one hour in a blocking solution (10% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.3% Triton-X, 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4). Next the sections were incubated in primary antibody in PBS containing 0.1% Triton-X and either 2% BSA or 5% NGS for 24–48 h at 4 °C. After washes in PBS, sections were incubated in the following biotinylated secondary antibodies: horse anti-mouse IgG (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, California, USA; BA-2000; 1:200), goat anti-rabbit IgG (Vector Laboratories; BA-1000; 1:200). Sections were washed once more in PBS and then incubated for 1 h in 1:100 ABC elite kit (PK6100, Vector Laboratories). Antibody binding was revealed using 0.05% 3,3′-diaminobenzidsine (D5905, Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) in TBS (pH 7.6) and hydrogen peroxide (0.01%). All slices were then mounted out of distilled water onto slides, counterstained with 0.1% cresyl violet and coverslipped using Permount (SP15, Fisher Scientific).
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3

Perfusion, Fixation, and Immunostaining of Mouse Brains

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Mice were anaesthetised with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and
transcardially perfused with saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA).
Brains from pups younger than P6 were post-fixed for 4 h while brains from mice
older than P6 were post-fixed for 2 h at 4°C. Brains were sectioned
either on the sliding microtome at 30 or 40 µm as previously
described52 (link) or on a vibratome at 40
or 60 µm. All primary and secondary antibodies were diluted in PBS
containing 0.25% Triton X-100 and 2% BSA. The following antibodies were used:
goat anti-CTGF (1:200, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti cleaved-caspase-3 (1:200, Cell
Signalling), rabbit anti-dsRed (1:500, Clontech), goat anti-mCherry (1:500,
Antibodies-online), rabbit anti-GABA (1:2000, Millipore), mouse anti-GABA
(1:500, Sigma), mouse anti-NeuN (1:500, Millipore) mouse anti-parvalbumin
(1:1000, Swant), rabbit anti-parvalbumin (1:5000, Swant), rat anti-somatostatin
(1:300, Millipore) and rabbit anti-PTEN (1:500, Abcam). We used Alexa
Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen). For biotin amplification,
sections were incubated with biotinylated secondary antibody (1:200, Vector
labs), followed by Alexa Fluor-conjugated Streptavidin (1:200, Vector labs).
Blood vessels were stained with Isolectin-B4-FITC or Isolectin-B4-Dylight 594
(1:500, Vector labs).
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4

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Mouse Otic Capsules

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Mouse otic capsules were fixed in 4.0% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 30 minutes at RT. After a 30-minute permeabilization with 0.1% saponin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), tissues were incubated with blocking solution (2% fetal bovine serum, 5% goat serum and 0.05% saponin in PBS) for 1 hour. Samples were then incubated with primary antibodies in the blocking solution overnight at 4 °C. Following five washes with 0.05% saponin, samples were incubated with secondary antibodies in the blocking solution for 1 hour at RT. After four washes with 0.05% saponin, tissues were washed one time in PBS, and mounted with Prolong Gold Antifade Mountant (Life Technologies). Samples were visualized with an LMS 780 confocal microscope equipped with ZEN 2012 software (Carl Zeiss). The following antibodies were used: goat anti-prestin (1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, sc-22692), rabbit anti-myosin-VIIa (1:200; Proteus BioSciences, Ramona, CA, USA, 25–6790), rabbit anti-KCNMA1 (1:100; Sigma-Aldrich, P8357), mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:500, Swant, Bellinzona, Switzerland, 235), rabbit anti-KCNQ442 (link),43 (link) and Alexa Fluor 488- or 568-conjugated secondary antibodies (Life Technologies).
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Brain Tissue

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Tissue preparation and immunohistochemistry were done as described (Palop et al., 2011 (link)). After fixation, brains were cryoprotected in 30% sucrose in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 2 days and sectioned with a sliding microtome (Leica Microsystems) into 30-µm sections. Ten stereological subseries sections from each hemibrain were stored in a solution containing 30% glycerol, 30% ethylene glycol, and 40% PBS at −20°C until staining. Primary antibodies used included rabbit anti-GFP (1:3,000; Life Technologies), chicken anti-GFP (1:500; Aves Labs), rabbit anti-Nav1.1 (1:500; Alomone), mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:3,000; Swant), rabbit anti-parvalbumin (1:3,000; Swant), rat anti-somatostatin (1:50; Novus), rabbit anti-neuropeptide Y (1:2000; Immunostar), rabbit anti-Iba-1 (1:1000; Wako), rabbit anti-GFAP (1:3000; Sigma), and biotinylated 82E1 (1:1000; Immuno-Biological Laboratories). Primary antibodies were detected with biotinylated donkey anti-rabbit (1:500; Jackson ImmunoResearch), Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit (1:300; Life Technologies), Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-chicken (1:300; Life Technologies), Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-rat (1:300; Life Technologies), Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-mouse (1:300; Life Technologies), or Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-rabbit (1:300; Life Technologies).
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6

Immunohistochemistry for eDREADD Validation

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Mice were anesthetized with isofluorane and transcardially perfused with cold 0.1 M phosphate buffer, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) dissolved in 0.1 M PB. For eDREADD validation by egr-1 immunostaining, mice were perfused 120 min after the injections of either Clozapine-N-oxide or saline. Brains were post-fixed between 6 and 12 h in 4% PFA at 4 °C, and cryoprotected in 30% sucrose. Frozen brains were sectioned into 35 µM sections using a cryostat (CM3050, Leica). Free floating sections from whole brain were washed 3× in tris-buffered saline (TBS) and then blocked in 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in TBST (0.25% Triton X-100 in TBS) for 1 h. Sections were incubated overnight at room temperature in primary antibody (rabbit anti-egr-1 (Santa Cruz, cat#: sc–189, 1:10,000) mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:500, cat#: 235, Swant, Switzerland), or rabbit anti-parvalbumin (1:1000, cat#: PV27, Swant). Slices were then washed in 1% BSA in TBST, followed by incubation with appropriate secondary antibodies (Alexa 647-conjugated donkey anti-mouse cat# A-31571, Alex 568 goat anti-rabbit (cat# A-11036), or Alexa 647 goat anti-rabbit (cat# A-21245) (All 1:200, Life Technologies)). Sections were then mounted with DAPI Fluoromount-G (Southern Biotech).
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7

Comprehensive Antibody Panel for Neuronal Markers

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Primary antibodies were used as follows: rabbit anti-Kirrel3 1:2000 (this study, generated against C-terminal peptide), rabbit anti-GABA 1:5000 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, United States), goat anti-GFP 1:5000 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, United States), guinea pig anti-VGLUT1 1:10,000 (Millipore, Billerica, MA, United States), mouse anti-MAGUK 1:1000 (NeuroMab, UC Davis/NIH NeuroMAB Facility, Davis, CA, United States), mouse anti-FLAG M2 1:5000 (Sigma), rabbit anti-synapsin 1:1000 (Millipore), rabbit anti-cFos 1:500 (Santa Cruz Biotech, Dallas, TX), rabbit anti-GFP 1:1000 (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, United States), chick anti-FLAG 1:1000 (Gallus Immunotech, Cary, NC, United States), mouse anti-PSD95 1:2000 (Thermo Scientific), mouse anti-GAPDH 1:5000 (Millipore), chick anti-MAP2 1:10,000 (Abcam), rabbit anti-calretinin 1:2000 (Swant, Switzerland), mouse anti-parvalbumin 1:5000 (Swant), mouse anti-CamKII 1:5000 (Millipore), rat anti-Somatostatin 1:500 (Chemicon), rabbit anti-calbindin d28k 1:2000 (Swant), rabbit anti-VIP 1:500 (Immunostar, Hudson, WI, United States). All secondary antibodies were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA, United States) and used at 1:1000.
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8

Histological Analysis of Arch 3.0 Expression

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After transcardial perfusion, individual brains were post-fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde and parasagittal sections (60 μm) were cut using a vibratome (Leica VT1000S). For reconstruction of neuronal morphology, sections were first incubated in blocking solution for 2 h (10% normal goat serum, 0.5% Triton X-100 in 0.01 M PBS), and then incubated overnight in streptavidin AlexaFluor-488 or 568 (1:1,000, Molecular Probes). To verify selective expression of Arch 3.0 in MLIs, sections from transfected brains were first incubated in blocking solution for 2 h, and then incubated in mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:2000, Swant, Switzerland) primary and anti-mouse AlexaFluor-568 secondary antibodies (1:1,000, Molecular Probes). All antibodies were diluted in carrier solution (0.01 M PBS, 2% normal goat serum and 0.5% Triton X-100) and incubated overnight at room temperature. Slices were mounted and z stacks acquired using a Nikon A1R FLIM confocal microscope ( × 20 and × 40 objectives; Nikon, Europe). Quantification of Arch 3.0 and parvalbumin co-localization was achieved by manual counting of cells in 1 μm optical sections focused along the apex of lobule V (n=16 slices from N=4 mice).
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neural Markers

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Animals were deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and were exsanguinated by intracardiac perfusion with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) followed by fixation with perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Whole brain was post-fixed in 4% PFA for 1 h at 4°C and cryoprotected. Each sample embedded in O.C.T. mounting medium (Sakura Finetek) was cut into 12-μm-thick sections at around −20°C and stored on slide glasses at −80°C. Sections were incubated at 4°C over night with primary antibodies: rabbit anti-Ki-67 (1:500, Abcam), goat anti-doublecortin (DCX) (1:1,000, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-calretinin (1:1,500, SWANT) rabbit anti-calbindin D-28 K (1:400, SWANT), and mouse anti-Parvalbumin (1:7,500, SWANT). Then, the sections were incubated at room temperature for 2 h with fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (donkey anti-goat IgG (H + L, 1:1,000, Biotium), goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L, 1:1,000, Biotium) or goat anti-mouse IgG1 (1:2,000, Biotium). Signals were detected with a fluorescence microscope (AxioImager M1, Zeiss).
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10

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neurons

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iGNs plated on coverslips were fixed using 4% PFA for 15min and blocked for 1h with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1 % TritonX-100 in phosphate buffered saline PBS. After blocking, neurons were incubated with the following primary antibodies: mouse anti- Parvalbumin (1:1000, Swant, 235), goat anti-Parvalbumin (1:1000, Swant, PVG213), chicken anti-MAP2 (1:1000, Sigma, AB15452), rabbit anti-GABA (1:500, Sigma, A2052), mouse anti- GFAP (1:500, Sigma, G4546), mouse anti-Frrs1l (1:100, Santa cruz, sc-398692), mouse anti- GluR2 (1:500, Millipore, MAB397), mouse anti-myc (1:1000, Cell Signaling, 2276), mouse anti-GFP (1:1000, ABCAM, AB1218), rabbit anti-SORCS3 (1:500, Novus biologicals, NBP1-30615) in blocking buffer overnight at 4°C. After washing three times with PBS, cells were incubated in blocking buffer with Alexa Fluor fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies and DAPI for 1h at room temperature. Cells were then washed with PBS and mounted on glass slides. Images were acquired with a confocal microscope Olympus FluoViewTM FV1000 (Olympus) fitted with a 20X or 40x air objective and 60x immersion oil objective.
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