204 f1 phoenix apparatus

The polymers and P4 were analyzed via modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC). A 204 F1 Phoenix apparatus (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) equipped with an external cooling system and an automated sampling unit was used. Samples (5–10 mg each) were placed into aluminum pans, which were subsequently closed with pierced lids. Samples were heated from −60 to 150 °C with a heating rate of 5 °C/min (0.53 °C amplitude, 40 s period), kept at this temperature for 5 min and thereafter, cooled to −60 °C with a cooling rate of −10 °C/min. The heating and cooling cycle were repeated. Nitrogen was used as the purge gas (flow rate of 50 mL/min). The obtained thermograms were analyzed with the Netzsch Proteus analysis software. The melting temperature (onset) of crystalline components and corresponding enthalpy of fusion were determined from the total heat flow signal. The glass transition temperature (T_g) was determined from the reversing heat flow signal. The crystallinity of the EVA polymers was calculated by Xcr (%) = ΔH/ΔH0, where ΔH is the enthalpy of fusion associated with the melting of the crystalline components of EVA and ΔH0 is the enthalpy of fusion of the pure polyethylene crystal (292.3 J/g) [19 (link)].

Thermal behavior and stability of filament and printout were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Netzsch 204F1 Phoenix apparatus (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) was used for DSC measurements (5 mg of sample, under nitrogen atmosphere). First, the sample was heated to 220 °C, then cooled to −80 °C and finally reheated to 220 °C. The heating/cooling rate was 5 °C min⁻¹. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using a Netzsch TG 209 instrument (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) at a temperature range from 35 °C to 700 °C under nitrogen atmosphere (sample weight ~5 mg). The heating rate was 10 °C min⁻¹.