1 9 dideoxyforskolin

ω-Agatoxin, AM-0902, AMG9810, AZ-628, 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, 6-Bnz-cAMP, 8-Br-cAMP, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CE3F4, 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP sodium salt (CPTOMe-cAMP), ω-conotoxin (CTX) MVIIC, [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), ESI-05, ESI-09, diltiazem, forskolin, gabapentin, guanfacine, H89, HJC0350, ifenprodil, KT5720, L-732,138, MK-801, ML-786, NKH-477, (2R/S)-6-PNG, protein kinase inhibitor 14–22 (PKI 14–22), SNX-482, SQ22536, Torin-2, U0126 and U-73122 were from Tocris (Ellisville, MO). Baclofen and capsazepine were from Research Biochemicals International (RBI, now Sigma-Aldrich). Bovine serum albumin, cyanquixaline (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) (CNQX), complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), ketamine, lidocaine, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 2 and common reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich. Matrigel was from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Fura2-AM, nerve growth factor, neurobasal media, NuPAGE Tris-Acetate SDS gels, NuPAGE reagents and Pierce™ Protein-Free T20 (TBS) blocking buffer were from Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY. Halt™ Protease Inhibitor Cocktail and Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit were from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Fetal bovine serum was from Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, CA. Drugs were prepared as stock solutions of 1–10 mM in DMSO or water and then diluted in aCSF.

Isolated brain preparations were performed as previously described [26 (link)]. Dopamine was applied and washed out by switching the source of the bath perfusion solution for 30 s. In vivo functional imaging was performed as described previously [25 (link)]. The odorant ethyl butyrate was delivered through a stainless steel pipette mounted anterior to the fly’s head. Temperature in the recording chamber was controlled with an inline Peltier element, monitored with a thermistor, and digitized. Forskolin, 1,9-dideoxyForskolin, and SCH-23390 (Tocris Bioscience) were applied in the bath.