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Cacl2

Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany

CaCl2 is a chemical compound commonly used as a lab equipment product. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. CaCl2 is known for its core function as a desiccant, which is a substance that absorbs moisture from the surrounding environment.

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7 protocols using cacl2

1

Anticoagulant Assay with Anti-ATβH mAbs

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Example 9

A serial dilution of anti-ATβH hmAbs was made in hemA plasma starting at 250 nM with 0.1 U/mL of heparin. The mixture of antibody, plasma and heparin was incubated at room temperature for 20-30 min. Then 50 uL of this mixture was added to a 50 uL of diluted Innovin (1/2000) (Dade Behring), incubated for 4 min at 37° C., followed by adding 50 uL of 25 mM CaCl2 (HemSil). dPT test program was set on ACL Top coagulometer with acquisition time of 360 seconds. For dTP in AT deficient plasma, AT-DP was spiked in with either ATα or ATβ at a final concentration of 0.2 uM with 0.1 U/ml of heparin. Anti-ATβH mAbs was added to AT-DP/heparin/ATα or AT-DP/heparin/ATβ mixtures at a final concentration of 0.25 uM and incubated at room temperature for 20-30 min. For each reaction, a 50 uL of plasma/antibody/heparin mixture was added to 50 uL of diluted Innovin (1/4000), incubate 4 min at 37° C., followed by adding 50 uL of 25 mM CaCl2 (HemSil) as above.

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2

Anticoagulant Assay with Anti-ATβH mAbs

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Example 9

A serial dilution of anti-ATβH hmAbs was made in hemA plasma starting at 250 nM with 0.1 U/mL of heparin. The mixture of antibody, plasma and heparin was incubated at room temperature for 20-30 min. Then 50 uL of this mixture was added to a 50 uL of diluted Innovin (1/2000) (Dade Behring), incubated for 4 min at 37° C., followed by adding 50 uL of 25 mM CaCl2 (HemSil). dPT test program was set on ACL Top coagulometer with acquisition time of 360 seconds. For dTP in AT deficient plasma, AT-DP was spiked in with either ATα or ATβ at a final concentration of 0.2 uM with 0.1 U/ml of heparin. Anti-ATβH mAbs was added to AT-DP/heparin/ATα or AT-DP/heparin/ATβ mixtures at a final concentration of 0.25 uM and incubated at room temperature for 20-30 min. For each reaction, a 50 uL of plasma/antibody/heparin mixture was added to 50 uL of diluted Innovin (1/4000), incubate 4 min at 37° C., followed by adding 50 uL of 25 mM CaCl2 (HemSil) as above.

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3

Chitosan-Based Anticoagulant Formulation

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Chitosan 95/100 [degree of deacetylation >92.6%, viscosity ≤71–150 mPas, MW 100–250 kDa (SEC)] was obtained from Heppe Medical Chitosan GmbH (Halle, Germany). NaVS [tech., 25% (aq)] was purchased from Alfa Aesar GmbH & Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany) and sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate (NaBES, 98%) from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Dialysis membranes (Spectra/Por® Biotech CE, molecular weight cutoff: 100–500 Da) were received from Spectrum Laboratories, Inc. (Rancho Dominquez, CA, USA). Silver nitrate (99%; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used without further purification. Human blood plasma was used for all coagulation assays and was received from a single donor to ensure comparability of consecutive tests. Citrated blood samples were obtained by clean venipuncture using 19-gauge butterfly needles and Monovette tubes (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) containing 1/9 vol of 0.106 M sodium citrate. Plasma was prepared by double centrifugation [1,500 ×g, each for 10 minutes, at room temperature (RT)] and was stored in polypropylene tubes at −70°C until use. CaCl2 (medical grade) was received from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products (Marburg, Germany). All other chemicals were utilized in analytical grade. Ultrapure water (MilliQ, Ω≤18.2 MΩ cm) was used for all applications.
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4

Lupus Anticoagulant Screening and Confirmation

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Dilute Russell’s Viper Venom Time was performed using LA1 screening and LA2 confirmation reagents (Siemens, Washington, DC, USA) at MACL and with DVVtest and DVVconfirm reagents (American Diagnostica, Stamford, CT, USA) at CDC. A hexagonal phase assay was performed using Staclot-LA (Diagnostica Stago, Parsippany, NJ, USA) and APTT-LA was performed per STAGO PTT-LA (Diagnostica Stago) at MACL. Dilute Protime (dPT) was performed by a MACL modified aPTT assay using citrated plasma (50 μl) and a 1:33 dilution of Innovin (50 μl, Siemens) in Owrens Veronal Buffer (Siemens). After incubation for 3 minutes at 37°C, CaCl2 (50 μl, Siemens) was added and clot time was recorded and compared to the normal range for the dPT assay. Quality control for the dPT assay was performed using a normal and weak lupus positive control.
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5

Antioxidant and Coagulation Assays

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2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), vitamin C (50 μM), Trolox, thiobarbituric acid, glutathione, glutathione reductase (GR), 5, 5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). CaCl2, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were purchased from Siemens (USA). Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was purchased from Chrono-log (Pennsylvania, USA).
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6

Plasma Clotting Assay with Vaa SP-VX

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Seventy-five microliters of commercial human plasma lacking FVII (HemosIL®, Lexington, MA, USA), 95 µL of 25 mM CaCl2 (Siemens, Germany), and 20 µL VaaSP-VX in PBS to various final concentrations (refer to Figure 3C for concentrations) were individually pre-warmed to 37 °C. VaaSP-VX (or only PBS in the control experiment) was then added to the plasma and incubated for 2 min at 37 °C, followed by the addition of 25 mM CaCl2 to induce clotting. Plasma clotting time was measured using the BFT II Coagulation Analyzer (Siemens, Germany).
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7

Emicizumab Concentration Measurement Protocol

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The emicizumab concentration was measured with the mcOSA on a Sysmex CS2500, a coagulation analyzer (TOA Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Hamburg, Germany) with Actin FS aPTT reagent (Siemens, Marburg, Germany). Standard dilutions for CS2500 were applied and were followed by an extra dilution 1:8 with Owren’s Veronal Buffer (calcium system buffer) to minimize FVIII interference, then FVIII‐deficient plasma, Actin FS, and CaCl2 were added (Siemens, Marburg, Germany). Emicizumab concentrations were deduced from an emicizumab calibration curve, based on the plasma calibrator (r2 Diagnostics, South Bend, IN, USA; catalog #152‐401‐RUO, 102 µg/mL, lot no. EC0140). The plasma controls (r2 Diagnostics; catalog no. 152‐401‐CE) of level 1 (26.6 µg/mL; lot no. E10310) and level 2 (73.4 µg/mL; lot no. E20410) were used as internal quality controls. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 10 to 200 µg/mL with an R2 of 1.00. The within‐run and between‐run precision (relative standard deviation [RSD], %) of the control samples ranged between 3.5% and 5.7%. The RSDs of the two control samples were similar after four freeze‐and‐thaw cycles. The LLOQ was 2 µg/mL.
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