Dry toluene

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, France

Dry toluene is a refined aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinct, sweet odor. Dry toluene is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications that require a high-purity solvent.

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Toluene (1227 citations) Extra dry toluene (4 citations)

8 protocols using dry toluene

Multifunctional Silica Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization

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Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and dry Toluene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, 28–30%) from Fluka; (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), TESPSA, and Fluorescein isothiocyanate, isomer I (FITC) were purchased from Abcr; Absolute Ethanol from Panreac; DBCO-PEG-NH2, and (R)-2-Amino-3-azidopropanoic acid hydrochloride (azide-D-alanine) were purchased from Jena Bioscience Gmbh. N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), TAMRA-Azide, Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and Dibenzocyclooctyne-PEG₄-Fluor 545 (TAMRA-DBCO) from Sigma-Aldrich.
DMEM, Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, Trypsin, FBS, and Antibiotic-Antimycotic (Anti-Anti) 100x from GIBCO. Rat tail Collagen (type I) Life Technologies S.A.; 10X PBS Buffer solution pH = 7.4 from Ambion. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Paraformaldehyde, Phalloidin-Atto 565, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) from Sigma-Aldrich; Alamar blue solution from Invitrogen. E. coli strain Seattle 1946 (ATCC 25 922) was used as a model of Gram negative bacteria. HT1080 human fibrosarcome cell line was obtained from ATCC (ATCC CCL-121).

Moreno V.M., Álvarez E., Izquierdo-Barba I., Baeza A., Serrano-Lopez J, & Vallet-Regí M. (2020). Bacteria as Nanoparticles Carrier for Enhancing Penetration in a Tumoral Matrix Model. Advanced materials interfaces, 7(11), 1901942.

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Synthesis of Styrene-based Copolymers

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The materials used were the following: styrene-d₈, tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me₆TREN), 2-hydroxyethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, CuBr₂, stannous 2-ethylhexanoate, Al₂O₃ (Brockmann l, activated, basic), dry toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF) (all from Sigma-Aldrich), ε-caprolactone (Sigma-Aldrich), trimethylene carbonate (Boehringer Ingelheim), dry tetrahydrofuran (Acros Organics), dry toluene (Acros Organics), methanol (Fisher Scientific), and CDCl₃ (Larodan Fine Chemicals). Solvents were used without further purification. Lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI, Purolyte, Ferro Corporation) was dried at 120 °C for 24 h before use. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP, Phostech Lithium), super P carbon black (Erachem), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF, Kynar Flex 2801-00, Arkema), NMC cathode (MTI), graphite anode (MTI), and aluminium and copper foil were used as received.

Bergfelt A., Lacey M.J., Hedman J., Sångeland C., Brandell D, & Bowden T. (2018). ε-Caprolactone-based solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries: synthesis, electrochemical characterization and mechanical stabilization by block copolymerization. RSC Advances, 8(30), 16716-16725.

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Synthesis of Dapsone-Loaded Silica Nanoparticles

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Dapsone, sodium azide, petroleum ether 40–60 °C, absolute methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) and dry toluene were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and Pluronic F-68 were purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt, Ltd, Mumbai, India. All chemicals and solvents were used without further purification.

Abdelraof M., Fikry M., Hashem A.H., El-Naggar M.E, & Rashdan H.R. (2023). Insight into novel anti-mucormycosis therapies: investigation of new anti-mucormycosis laser-induced photodynamic therapy based on a sulphone bis-compound loaded silica nanoemulsion. RSC Advances, 13(30), 20684-20697.

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Mass Spectrometry Reagent Preparation

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Potassium chloride (KCl, 99.5%) was from AnalaR, Australia. Ethanol (99.5%) was from Asia Pacific Specialty, Australia. Alphacyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA, 99%), acetonitrile (ACN, 99.9%), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 99.8%) were purchased from Merck. Triblock copolymer EO 20 PO 70 EO 20 (denoted P 123 , where EO is poly(ethylene oxide) and PO is poly(propylene oxide)), ammonium bicarbonate (98%), dry toluene, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS, 97%), tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS, 99%), Trypsin (from bovine pancreas), myoglobin (from horse heart), bovine serum albumin (BSA), beta-casein (from bovine milk), cytochrome C (cyt C, from horse heart), 4-(2-hydroxyerhyl) piperazine-1-erhaesulfonic acid (HEPES, 99.5%), dithiothreitol (DTT, 99.0%), and IAA (iodoacetamide, 98%) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). All buffer and protein solutions were prepared with deionized water from a milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Gan J., Li Y., Qiao L., Pourhaghighi M.R., Yan G., Fan H., Girault H.H, & Liu B. (2015). Porous silica enhanced proteolysis during Off-Gel separation for efficient protein identification. Talanta, 144.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites

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Polycarbonate (PC, Lexan-143R with MFI of 11 g/10 min) was procured from Sabic (India). PVDF (Kynar-761, with M w of 440 000 g mol -1 ) was kindly provided by Arkema. Nickel ferrite, (NF, NiFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles (with average diameter of 50 nm), barium titanate (BT, BaTiO 3 ) (with an average particle size of 100 nm), 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCD), imidazole, 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), H 2 O 2 (30% in water), N,N′dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and dry toluene were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N-Dimethylformamide, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran were obtained from commercial sources. Pristine MWNTs (with an average diameter and length of 9.5 nm and 1.5 μm, respectively) were procured from Nanocyl SA (Belgium).

Biswas S., Kar G.P, & Bose S. (2015). Engineering nanostructured polymer blends with controlled nanoparticle location for excellent microwave absorption: a compartmentalized approach. Nanoscale, 7(26).

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Synthesis of Perfluorinated Polymer Nanoparticles

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D,L-lactide was purchased from Polysciences (Germany) and perfluorohexane (purity>98%) was acquired from Alfa Aesar (Germany). 1-hexanol from Acros Organics (Belgium), 2,2,3,3,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol, 1H,1H perfluoro-1-heptanol, 1H,1H perfluoro-1-nonanol, 1H,1H perfluoro-1-dodecanol and 1H,1H perfluoro-1-tetradecanol were acquired from Fluorochem (United Kingdom). Acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane were purchased from Carlo Erba Reactifs (France), chloroform and diethyl ether from VWR (France). Stannous octoate, dry toluene, D 2 O, sodium cholate, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 30-70kDa, 87-90% hydrolyzed) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (France). Deuterated solvents (CDCl3 and acetone-d) were purchased from Eurisotop (France), Cell culture reagents such as DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium), RPMI 1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium), FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum), trypsin-EDTA solution and PBS (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ free phosphate buffer) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (France). The ultrapure water was produced by a Millipore Synergy 185 apparatus coupled with a RiOs5 TM (Millipore, France) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.cm. The NMR sample tubes and coaxial inserts were obtained from CortecNet (France).

Picheth G., Houvenagel S., Dejean C., Couture O., Alves de Freitas R., Moine L, & Tsapis N. (2017). Echogenicity enhancement by end-fluorinated polylactide perfluorohexane nanocapsules: Towards ultrasound-activable nanosystems. Acta biomaterialia, 64.

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Copper-Catalyzed Silane Surface Functionalization

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Silicon wafers (boron doped, 0–100 Ω cm, and (100) orientation) were purchased from Prolog Semicor (Ukraine). Copper(I) chloride (99.999%), copper(II) bromide (99.999%), [11-(2-bromo-2-methyl)propionyloxy]undecyl trichlorosilane, dry toluene (99.8%), 2-(dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate (C₈H₁₅NO₂), KCl (99%), KI (99%), and KBr (99%) were all purchased from Aldrich and used as received. HPLC-grade acetone and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific, and 2,2′-dipyridyl (99%) was purchased from Acros. Non-conductive silicon nitride triangular probes (MLCT, from Brucker) with nominal spring constant 0.065 Nm⁻¹ and radius 20 nm were used for the FFM experiments.

Raftari M., Zhang Z.J., Carter S.R., Leggett G.J, & Geoghegan M. (2017). Salt Dependence of the Tribological Properties of a Surface-Grafted Weak Polycation in Aqueous Solution. Tribology Letters, 66(1), 11.

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Amino-Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica

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SBA-15 (8 nm pore size) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. SBA-15 functionalization was carried out with amino-organosilanes; APTES (purity > 98%) and 3-DEAPTES (96%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. It is worth mentioning that the dryness conditions of the reaction media and material are of paramount importance to prevent extension of lateral silane polymerization within the materials and to allow efficient silane functionalization. To achieve this, typically 2 g of SBA-15 was introduced in a closed reflux apparatus connected to a vacuum line and heated to 150 °C for 2 h. After cooling, nitrogen was introduced into the system prior to the opening of the reflux apparatus, and SBA-15 was refluxed with 100 cm³ of dry toluene (Aldrich, 99.8%) containing 9 mmol of the amino-organosilane for 24 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting material was purified by Soxhlet extraction with dry toluene, to remove the unreacted amino-organosilanes, and finally dried under vacuum at 120 °C for 24 h. Functionalized materials were named APTES@SBA-15 and DEAPTES@SBA-15.
The thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry experiments, elemental analysis as well as the porous texture characterization of the materials (via N₂ adsorption at −196 °C) were performed using the same protocol as described in our previous work^{46 (link)} (details in the ESI†).

Sardo M., Afonso R., Juźków J., Pacheco M., Bordonhos M., Pinto M.L., Gomes J.R, & Mafra L. (2021). Unravelling moisture-induced CO2 chemisorption mechanisms in amine-modified sorbents at the molecular scale. Journal of Materials Chemistry. a, 9(9), 5542-5555.

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