In addition to the collection of overnight fasting blood samples, all participants underwent a 75-g OGTT. To reduce glycolysis after blood collection, blood tubes containing sodium fluoride were used to collect samples for glucose testing; for HbA1c testing, samples were collected in EDTA tubes. All samples were kept cold on ice, immediately sent to lab, centrifuged within 30 min and analysed within 1 h from the time of earliest blood draw. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG) and HbA1c levels were measured using the ARCHITECT c8000 Clinical Chemistry Analyser (Abbott Laboratories), which had received National Glycohaemoglobin Standardisation Programme certification for HbA1c testing.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were diagnosed based on: FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or 2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L for type 2 diabetes mellitus; FPG 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L and 2-h PG < 7.8 mmol/L for IFG; and FPG < 7.0 mmol/L and 2-h PG ≥ 7.8 and < 11.1 mmol/L for IGT18 . Owing to the small number of women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 20, 2.0%) and IFG (n = 1, 0.1%), we grouped women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, IFG and/or IGT as having dysglycaemia.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were diagnosed based on: FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or 2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L for type 2 diabetes mellitus; FPG 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L and 2-h PG < 7.8 mmol/L for IFG; and FPG < 7.0 mmol/L and 2-h PG ≥ 7.8 and < 11.1 mmol/L for IGT18 . Owing to the small number of women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 20, 2.0%) and IFG (n = 1, 0.1%), we grouped women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, IFG and/or IGT as having dysglycaemia.