The
Constellation Vision System (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA) was used to perform all of the 25G vitrectomy procedures. The
NGENUITY 3D visualization system (Alcon Laboratories) was attached to a
VISU 210 microscope (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and used to observe the surgical procedures (
Figure 1). Images of the fundus on the
NGENUITY 3D visualization system monitor were obtained through either a
RESIGHT wide-angle viewing system (Carl Zeiss Meditec) or an ocular endoscope system, or by using both systems.
The 2D endoscopic images of the fundus were obtained through an ocular endoscope system consisting of an HD camera FC-304 (Fiber Tec, Tokyo, Japan), LED light unit FL-301 (Fiber Tec), 25G fiber Previt (Fiber Tec), and image processor FI-302, which can change the size and contrast of the images, and thereby distinguish the honeycomb pattern that forms the images (Fiber Tec).
To create 3D endoscopic images, a 3D converter NOVEL HD-3D-A (Shinko Optical, Tokyo, Japan) was connected to a monocular endoscopic system (
Figure 2). The processed images were directly sent to a 3D display, which was 26 inches in size and positioned to the front and right of the surgeon at a distance of 1 m (
Figure 1). Surgical staff wore polarized glasses during the surgical procedures.
Kita M., Kusaka M., Yamada H, & Hama S. (2019). Three-dimensional ocular endoscope system for vitrectomy. Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 13, 1641-1643.