Rosa multiflora (stem), Lespedeza bicolor (aerial part), Platycladus orientalis (leaves), Castanea crenata (leaves) and Cornus officinalis (fruit) were purchased from the Gyeongbuk Forest Resource Development Institute, the Republic of Korea. The identity of the plants was confirmed by a taxonomist (Dr. Zi-Eum Im) and voucher specimens were deposited (LVPPM 2001–2005) in our laboratory. The dried and crushed parts of each plant were boiled in 30% ethanol (100 g/Liter). The extracts were filtered with Whatman filter paper Number 1 (GE Healthcare, UK Limited, UK), evaporated to dryness, and freeze-dried. A 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) ointments of C2RLP were made using petrolatum (Sigma-Aldrich) as a vehicle. For in vitro experiments on various cell lines, the extract was dissolved in the respective media used to grow the cells and then filtered using a 0.22-μm syringe driven filter (Merck Millipore Ltd., Carrigtwohil, Ireland).
Whatman filter paper number 1
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United Kingdom
Whatman filter paper number 1 is a general-purpose filter paper designed for a wide range of laboratory filtration applications. It is a high-quality, ashless, and medium-speed paper that effectively retains fine particles while allowing rapid filtration. The product offers consistent performance and reliable results.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Silicon wafer, by Ted Pella (3 mentions)
R 100, by Büchi (2 mentions)
Fesem merlin, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Petrolatum, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Syringe driven filter, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rotary evaporator system, by Büchi (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Em gp automatic plunge freezer, by Leica (1 mentions)
Cryo transfer specimen holder, by Ametek (1 mentions)
Silica gel 60, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Merlin, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
8 protocols using whatman filter paper number 1
1
Extraction and Formulation of Botanical Ingredients
2
Red Bran Ethanol Extraction Protocol
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One thousand grams of red bran from Red Hawm rice variety (Mae Chai Agricultural Cooperative Ltd., Phayao, Thailand) was mixed in 6,000 mL of 50% ethanol solution for three days at approximately 25°C. Then, the extractant solution was filtered through Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare UK Ltd., Buckinghamshire, UK) using vacuum filtration apparatus. After filtration, the sample residue was re-extracted twice, following the same procedure, and the collected filtrates were concentrated in a rotary evaporator (R-100, BUCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland). Next, the concentrated extracts were lyophilized to obtain RRBE, which was finally stored at −20°C prior to further experiments. The extraction yield of RRBE was 7.59%.
3
Extraction of Red Rice Bran Bioactive
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Red rice was obtained from a red glutinous rice variety (Ban Dok Bua, Ban Tun sub-district, Muang Phayao district, Phayao, Thailand). Red rice bran was extracted by 50% ethanol. Briefly, 1 kg of red rice was mixed in 50% ethanol solution (6000 mL) at room temperature for three days. After that, the extracts were filtered through Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare UK Ltd., Buckinghamshire, UK) using a vacuum filtration apparatus twice. Then, the samples were concentrated in a rotary evaporator (R-100, BUCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland). Finally, the extracts were lyophilized to concentrated extracts, and stored at −80 °C prior for further experiments.
4
Extraction and Characterization of B. racemosa Plant Parts
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The plant materials of B. racemosa were collected from Nasuha Herbal Farm, Johor, Malaysia. The determination of botanical term for plant parts used was made by referring to glossary of botanical terms [16 ] and Prance [17 ]. Four plant parts were studied which were infloresence axis, leaf [Figure 1 ], endosperm, and pericarp part of fruits [Figure 2 ]. The samples were air dried under the shade at ambient temperature ranging from 28°C to 32°C. The dried plant samples were further crushed into coarse powder using a domestic electric grinder (Philips, Netherlands). The extracts were prepared by soaking 5 g of samples in 200 ml of 70% methanol (Merck, Germany) diluted with 30% deionized water (Arium® pro Sartorius, Germany). The macerated samples were filtered using Whatman filter paper Number 1 (70 mm) (GE Healthcare, UK) placed on Buchner funnel whereby the filtration was assisted by a vacuum pump (GAST, USA). The resulting filtrates were then concentrated under vacuum using rotary evaporator system (Buchi, Switzerland) to yield concentrated extracts of samples. The resulting extracts were kept in glass vials and refrigerated at 4°C until further use.
5
Nanoparticle Morphometry by Electron Microscopy
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Ultrastructural characterization of nanoparticle morphometry (size and shape) was determined at nearly native state with two electron microscopy techniques using cryoTEM and FESEM. In a qualitative approach with cryoTEM, microdrops of T22-BAK-GFP-H6, T22-PUMA-GFP-H6, and T22-BAXPORO-GFP-H6 at 0.3 mg/ml in their respective storage buffers were deposited in Holey carbon-coated copper grids (400 mesh), cryofixed in liquid ethane with an EM GP automatic plunge freezer (Leica), placed in a cryo-transfer specimen holder (Gatan Inc.) and observed in a TEM JEM-2011 (Jeol) operating at 200 kV and equipped with a 895 USC 4000 CCD camera (Gatan Inc.). Representative images of general fields and nanoparticle details were captured at high magnifications (from 40,000x to 150,000x). In qualitative and quantitative approaches with FESEM, drops of the same three samples at the same conditions were directly deposited on silicon wafers (Ted Pella Inc.) for one minute.
The excess of liquid was blotted with Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare), and samples were air dried for a few minutes and immediately observed without coating with a FESEM Merlin (Zeiss) operating at 1 kV and equipped with a high resolution in-lens secondary electron detector. Representative images of general fields and nanoparticle details were captured at high magnifications (from 100,000x to 400,000x).
The excess of liquid was blotted with Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare), and samples were air dried for a few minutes and immediately observed without coating with a FESEM Merlin (Zeiss) operating at 1 kV and equipped with a high resolution in-lens secondary electron detector. Representative images of general fields and nanoparticle details were captured at high magnifications (from 100,000x to 400,000x).
6
FESEM Characterization of Nanoparticle Morphometry
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Ultrastructural characterization of nanoparticle morphometry (size and shape) articles was determined at nearly native state with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
Drops of 3 µl of F3-RK-GFP-H6 (C), and F3-RK-PE24-H6 (CS) samples diluted at 0.3 mg/ml in their respective buffers were directly deposited on silicon wafers (Ted Pella Inc.) for 30 s. Excess of liquid was blotted with Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare), air dried for few min and immediately observed without coating with a FESEM Zeiss Merlin (Zeiss) operating at 1 kV and equipped with a high resolution in-lens secondary electron detector. Representative images of a general field and nanoparticle detail were captured at three high magnifications (from 150,000x, 250,000x and 400,000x).
Drops of 3 µl of F3-RK-GFP-H6 (C), and F3-RK-PE24-H6 (CS) samples diluted at 0.3 mg/ml in their respective buffers were directly deposited on silicon wafers (Ted Pella Inc.) for 30 s. Excess of liquid was blotted with Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare), air dried for few min and immediately observed without coating with a FESEM Zeiss Merlin (Zeiss) operating at 1 kV and equipped with a high resolution in-lens secondary electron detector. Representative images of a general field and nanoparticle detail were captured at three high magnifications (from 150,000x, 250,000x and 400,000x).
7
Cleavage of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
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The cleavage of PCB was based on a previously published method [39 (link)] with a few modifications. A 1 (g) amount of SPC was refluxed in 100 mL absolute ethanol for 8 h, followed by filtration with Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare, Casoria, Italy). The solvent was then evaporated, and the extract was dissolved in 5 mL ethanol. Silica gel (silica gel 60 (0.063–0.20 mm), Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was mixed with dichloromethane and loaded in a glass column 3 × 23 (cm). The extract was loaded on the column and eluted with dichloromethane, gradually methanol was added to dichloromethane until the concentration of methanol was 30% (v/v), in this stage blue fraction was observed visually and collected. The blue eluate fraction was evaporated and analyzed by LC-MS (the detailed procedure is presented in Section 2.7 ).
8
Nanoimaging of T22 Protein Complexes
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Size and shape of T22-DITOX-H6 and T22-PE24-H6 nanoparticles at nearly native state were evaluated with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) Zeiss Merlin (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) operating at 1 kV. Drops of 3 µl of each protein sample were directly deposited on silicon wafers (Ted Pella Inc., Reading, CA, USA) for 1 min, excess blotted with Whatman filter paper number 1 (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA), air dried, and observed without coating with a high resolution in-lens secondary electron detector. For each sample, representative images of different fields were captured at (magnifications (from 120,000x to 200,000x).
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