Il1r1

The p47^phox-deficient (p47^phox-/-, #004742), NLRP3^-/- (#017970), Caspase-1^-/- (#016621), IL-18^-/- (#004130), IL-1R1^-/- (#003245) and wild type (WT) mice were on C57BL/6 background and were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine, USA). Mice were maintained in micro-isolator cages, fed with standard laboratory chow diet and water, and housed in the animal colony at the animal center of the Third Military Medical University (TMMU). Mice approximately 12 weeks of age were used for these experiments. All animals received humane care according to the criteria outlined in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" prepared by the National Academy of Sciences and published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH publication 86–23 revised 1985).

All mice used in this study were male mice on C57BL/6 background at ages indicated in specific experiments. Nlrp3^R258W (+/R258W) mice and Nlrp3^−/− mice were reported previously^{21 (link), 53 (link)}. Nlrp3^R258W mice were maintained as heterozygotes by backcrossing with WT (+/+) control mice from the Jackson Laboratory. All Nlrp3^R258W and WT mice used in this study are littermate controls. Il1r1^−/−, Rag1^−/−, and Casp1/11^−/− mice were from the Jackson Laboratory. Nlrp3^eGFP reporter mouse line was reported before^{24 (link)}. All mice were maintained in specific pathogen-free facility under a strict 12 h light cycle (on at 0700 hours and off at 1900 hours), and given a regular chow diet ad libitum (#M01-F25, Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co.). Cohousing (ch-) of WT and Nlrp3^R258W mice were carried out at 1:1 ratio since weaning (3–4 weeks) till adulthood (10–12 weeks), or the mice were separated upon weaning according to genotype, denoted as singly housed (sh-). Germ-free mice on C57BL/6 background were purchased from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., and maintained in a germ-free facility. All animal experiments were performed in compliance with the guidelines from the national care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the institutional ethics committee of the Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

BALB/c and C57BL/6J WT mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Rag2^–/– mice were purchased from Taconic. Il17a^–/– mice were previously described (58 (link)). Tcrd^–/–, Il1r1^–/–, Il4^–/–, and Il4ra^–/– mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Il4/13^fl/fl mice were a gift of Andrew McKenzie (Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom). Mcpt8^DTR mice were a gift of TMDU and TMDU Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. Il4ra^fl/fl mice was a gift from International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cape Town, and South Africa Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. Mcpt8^cre/+ mice on C57BL/6J background were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and crossed with Il4^–/– mice on BALB/c background for 8 generations, then crossed with Il4/13^fl/fl mice in BALB/c background. K14-Cre^Tg/0 mice on C57BL/6J background were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and crossed with Il4ra^–/– in BALB/c background for 9 generations, then crossed with Il4ra^fl/fl mice in BALB/c background. All mice were kept in a pathogen-free environment.

C57BL/6, CD45.1, Ifnar1^-/-, Stat2^-/-, Il10^-/-, Il10rb^-/-, Il1r1^-/-, Caspase-1^-/-, Ccr2^-/-, Csf2^-/-, Il27ra^-/-, GFP⁺, and Rag1^-/- mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA). Stat1^-/- mice were purchased from Taconic Farms (Hudson, NY, USA). To generate LysM-Cre⁺Ifnar1^fl/fl mice, LysM-Cre mice were crossed with Ifnar1^fl/fl mice and used for EAE experiments. Mice were kept in specific pathogen–free conditions in 12/12 h of light/dark cycles with food and water ad libitum. All experimental breeding and procedures were performed with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Thomas Jefferson University.
Mice were immunized for EAE induction by subcutaneous injection of 200 µg MOG_35-55 (Genscript, CA, USA) emulsified in CFA. Mice received 200 ng of pertussis toxin (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) on days 0 and 2 p.i. and were scored and weighed daily. Mice were scored according to the following scale: 0, no sign of clinical disease; 1, paresis of the tail; 2, paresis of one hind limb; 3, paresis of both hind limbs; 4, paresis of the abdomen; 5, moribund/death.