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41 protocols using β actin 60008 1 ig

1

Immunoblotting Protein Expression Analysis

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Whole cell extracts and immunoblotting was performed as previously described20 (link). Primary antibodies used from cell signaling were pAkt-T308 (13038), pAkt-S473(4060S), tAkt (4691S), pErk1/2 (9101S), tErk1/2(4695T), pS6 (2215S), tS6 (2317S), pS6K (9234S), tS6K (2708S), cleaved caspase 3 (9664S), β-Actin (60008-1-Ig) and sestrin2 (66297-I-Ig) were from Proteintech, Wdr24 (244614, Santacruz), Antibodies for Depdc5 were generated as previously described16 (link). HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell signaling (7076, 7074) and ThermoFisher ((A15999) Chemiluminescence was detected using ECL (34095, ThermoFisher) and processed using Bio-Rad ChemiDoc imaging systems.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Antiviral Signaling

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T98G cells were washed with PBS and lysed with RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Nantong, China) containing protease inhibitor (cOmplete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablets; Roche). Equal amounts of protein were separated on 12 % SDS-PAGE and transferred onto an Immobilon-P PVDF membrane (Millipore, MA). The blots were blocked for 1 h with 2 % bovine serum albumin in Tris-buffered saline (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl) containing 0.1 % Tween 20 (TBST) at room temperature (RT) and reacted overnight at 4 °C with the primary antibodies. The membranes were washed four times with TBST and then incubated with the secondary Ab for 1 h at RT. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (#31460) or goat anti-mouse IgG (#31430) secondary antibodies were used (Thermo Scientific Pierce, IL). The membranes were washed and visualized with BeyoECL Plus Chemiluminescent Substrate (Beyotime) for signal detection. Primary antibodies directed against p-IRF-3 (Ser396, 4D4G, #4947), p-TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) (Ser172, D52C2, #5483), retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) (D14G6, #3743), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) (D74E4, #5321), IkBα (#9242), and TBK1 (#3013) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies (Beverly, MA). IRF-3 (#11312-1-AP) and β-actin (#60008-1-Ig) antibodies were purchased from Proteintech Group, Inc. (Chicago, IL).
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3

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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QDG (Batch: 2012334) was provided by Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Wuxi, China). Phospho-Akt (p-Akt, 66444-1-Ig, USA), Collagen I (14695-1-AP, USA), β-MHC (15862-1-AP, USA) and β-actin (60008-1-Ig, USA) were purchased from Proteintech. α-MHC (ab207926, UK) was obtained from Abcam. Akt (4685S, USA) was obtained from CST. Goat anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (L3032, USA) and Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (L3012, USA) were provided by SAB. Primary antibody dilution buffer (AR1017, USA) and BCA protein assay reagent kit (AR0197, USA) were provided from Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. RIPA lysate (P0013B, China) was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology. Super enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) was purchased from Super (S6009L, China). HE staining kit was provided by Solarbio (G1120, China).
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Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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RIPA lysis buffer and protease inhibitor cocktail were used for the extraction of total proteins from cells. BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, China) was used to determine the protein concentrations. Then the protein lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. After incubation with primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight, the membranes were incubated with the corresponding secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. Finally, the proteins were evaluated by chemiluminescence according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Antibodies used in the present study were: VEGFA (26381-1-AP, Proteintech), β-actin (60008-1-Ig, Proteintech), LAMP1(21997-1-AP, Proteintech). All assays were performed in triplicate.
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5

Streptozotocin-Induced Kidney Fibrosis Model

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Streptozotocin (STZ, V900890) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). TMZ was provided by Servier (Tianjin China). Sirt1 siRNA and non-targeted siRNA were purchased from RiboBio (Guangzhou China). Lipofectamine™ 2000 Transfection Reagent (11668019) was from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Antibodies against Sirt1 (A11267), FN (A12932), Sirt3 (A5718), and pan-acetyl lysine (A2391) were purchased from Abclonal (Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies against E-cadherin (20874-1-AP), Col1a1 (A1352), α-SMA (55135-1-AP), TGFβ1 (21898-1-AP), FoxO1 (18592-1-AP), Smad4 (10231-1-AP), Nampt (11776-1-AP), and β-actin (60008-1-Ig) were purchased from Proteintech Group (Wuhan, China). Antibody against TGFβRI (sc-518018) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Antibody against p-Ampk (50081) was from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Dihydroethidium (DHE, S0063), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, S0077), hydrogen peroxide detection kit (S0038), Sod activity detection kit (S0101), and NAD+/NADH detection kit (S0175) were from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai China). NAD+ (HY-B0445), FK866 (HY-50876), and Compound C (CC, HY-13418) were purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai China).
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6

Punicalagin Modulates Autophagy Signaling

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Antibodies against the following proteins were used: p-p65 (sc136548, Santa cruz Biotechnology, Inc. USA) P-JNK (sc293136, Santa cruz Biotechnology, Inc. USA); P-ERK1/2 (sc81492, Santa cruz Biotechnology, Inc. USA); p-p38 (sc7973, Santa cruz Biotechnology, Inc. USA); Beclin1 (11306-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China); LC3A/B (AF5402, Affinity Biosciences, USA); p62 (55274-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China); FoxO3a (10849-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China); β-actin (60008-1-Ig, Proteintech, Wuhan, China); horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-mouse (ZDR-5109, ZSGB-BIO Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Beijing, China), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-rabbit (ZB-5301, ZSGB-BIO Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Beijing, China). The followings reagents were used: punicalagin (65995-63-3; Chengdu Herbpurify Co. Ltd.Chengdu, China); lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (L4391, Sigma-Aldrich, USA); chloroquine (C6628, Sigma-Aldrich, USA); and monodansylcadaverine (30432, Sigma-Aldrich, USA).
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7

Investigating MTMR Phosphatase Regulation

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shRNA glycerol sets for MTMR2 (RHS4533-EG8898), MTMR3 (RHS4533-EG8897), MTMR4 (RHS4533-EG9110), MTMR7 (RHS4533-EG9108), and human cDNA of MTMR2 (MHS6278–202760229), MTMR3 (MHS6278–202800229), MTMR4 (MHS6278–202801286) and MTMR7 (MHS6278–211688199) were purchased from GE Healthcare Dharmacon. Antibodies were purchased for detecting MTMR2 (PA5–22748; 1:1,000) from Invitrogen, MTMR3 (sc-393779; 1:1,000) from SCBT and MTMR7 (AB150458; 1:1,000) from Abcam. Anti-ppERK (4370; 1:3,000), anti-pAkt (S473) (4060; 1:1,000), anti-total ERK (4696; 1:1,000), anti-total Akt (2920; 1:1,000) antibodies for immunoblotting were from Cell Signaling Technology. Goat anti-mouse IgG (G21040; 1:2,000), anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies (G21234; 1:5,000) and CellMask Deep Red plasma membrane stain (C10046; 1:5,000) were purchased from Invitrogen. Antibodies for detecting β-actin (60008–1-Ig; 1:5,000) and GFP (66002–1-lg; 1:4,000) were purchased from Proteintech. Staurosporine (BIA-S1086) was purchased from BioAustralis.
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8

Punicalagin Modulates Oxidative Stress

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Punicalagin (purity = 98%, CAS: 65995-63-3) was purchased from Herbpurify Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). A urea assay kit, a creatinine assay kit (sarcosine oxidase) and a urine microalbumin assay kit were purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (China). A mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit with JC-1 and a tissue mitochondria isolation kit were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Antibodies targeting the following proteins were used in this study: NLRP3 (A12694, Abclonal), Trx (A01219-1, BOSTER), TXNIP (sc-166234, Santa Cruz; A9342, Abclonal), IL-1β (A1112, Abclonal), caspase-1 (BM4291, BOSTER), GSDMD (A10164, Abclonal), β-actin (60008-1-Ig, Proteintech), NOX4 (14347-1-AP, Proteintech).
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9

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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We obtained cellular proteins by lysing lung tissue with radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer supplemented with protease inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors. We determined the protein concentrations using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Beyotime, Jiangsu, China) according to the instructions. Lysis proteins (30 μg) were separated by electrophoresis on 8–15% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gels. We transferred the samples to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes(#PIVH00010, Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). The membranes were probed with primary antibodies and were then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. We purchased the antibodies against AKT (# 4691), phospho-AKT (S473; # 4060), phospho-AKT (T308; # 13038), BCL-2 (# 2872), BAX (# 5023), cleaved caspase 3 (# 9664), cleaved PARP (# 5625), caspase 9 (# 9508), mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR; # 2983), and phospho-MTOR (Ser2448; # 5536) from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA, USA). We purchased the antibodies against β-actin (# 60008-1-Ig) and IARS2 (# 17170-1-AP) from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA). The signals were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Densitometric analysis was performed with ImageJ; relative values are displayed under their respective blots.
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10

Chondrocyte Differentiation Assay

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The cell-culture reagents were provided by Gibco BRL. Recombinant murine sRANKL (#315–11) and Recombinant murine HGF (#315–23) were purchased from PeproTech. Recombinant mouse MCSF protein (#ab129146), and the following antibodies: p65 (#ab16502), TRAF6 (#ab33915), JNK (#ab124956), HGF (#ab83760), were obtained from Abcam. The following antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology: p-p65 (#3033), p-JNK (#9255), Met (#8198), p-Met (#3077), Akt (#4685), p-Akt (#4060), GSK-3β (#9315S), p-GSK-3β (#9323). NFATc1 (#sc-17834) and GAPDH (#sc-32233) antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology. β-actin (#60008-1-Ig) and Histone-3 (#17168-1-AP) antibodies were purchased from Proteintech Group. SU11274 was obtained from Selleck. Immunization Grade Chick type II collagen (#20012), Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (#7001), and InComplete Freund’s Adjuvant (#7002) were purchased from Chondrex.
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