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6 protocols using dimethylolpropionic acid

1

Synthesis of Polyurethane Prepolymers

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Isophorone diisocyanate (98%, IPDI), dibutyltin dilaurate (99%, DBTDL), dimethylolpropionic acid (98%, DMPA), triethylamine (≥99%, TEA), and 1,4-butane diol (99%, BD) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG1500), polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000), polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000), acetone, and hexane were received from Dae-Jung Chemical and Metal Co. LTD (Seoul, Korea). All chemicals were used as received.
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2

Cellulose-Based Polymer Synthesis

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CO (Parafarm®; OH number = 177.21 mg/mg of CO; f = 2.9) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA; purity: 98%; f = 2; Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA) were dried under vacuum before use it. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI; purity: 98%; NCO number = 24.06% determined by ASTM D2572; f = 2), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL; purity: 95%), triethylamine (TEA; purity: 99%), acetone, and dimethylformamide (DMF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. and used without purification.
In order to obtain CNCs, microcrystalline cellulose powder (MCC) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. was used. Sulfuric acid (w/v: 98%; Anedra) was used to proceed with the cellulose acid hydrolysis. Bi-distilled water and Spectra/Por Standard RC dialysis tubing were used in the dialysis of the cellulose crystals suspension. Citric acid (Biopack), glucose (Britania), peptone (Britania), sodium phosphate dibasic anhydro (Na2HPO4; Cicarelli), and potassium hydroxide (KOH; Merck) were used to obtain bacterial cellulose.
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3

Synthesis of Polyurethane Containing Dopamine

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Analytical grade polytetrahydrofuran (PTMEG, Mn ≈ 2000), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), dopamine hydrochloride, ferric chloride, and triethylamine (TEA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received without further purification. Hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (n(–OH) = 12, Mn ≈ 1250) was purchased from Wuhan Hyperbranched Polymer Science & Technology Co., Ltd, China. PTMEG was dehydrated at 100 °C under vacuum for more than 24 h in advance.
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4

Synthesis of Polyurethane Nanocomposites

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Poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (Mn = 650 and 2000), PDMS (Mn = 550), triethylamine, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, ethylene diamine, dimethylolpropionic acid, methylethylketone (MEK), and dibutyltin dilaurate were all received from Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, Mo, USA. CeO2 nanoparticles were prepared in accordance with our previous report [31 (link)].
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5

Polyurethane Synthesis Using Macrodiols

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The following materials of analytical grade were used as received except macrodiols which were dehydrated in an oven at 80 °C prior to use; PPG (number-average molecular weight, Mn= 425, 1000, 2000, and 2700 g/mol−1 from (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, B), HTPB (Mn = 2912 g/mol−1) BD (from Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) [14 (link)]. H12MDI (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), triethyl amine, TEA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Dimethylol propionic acid, DMPA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), & Dibutyltin dilaurate DBTDL (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.) [18 (link)].
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6

Polyurethane Composite Synthesis and Characterization

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Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI, 98%), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL, 99%), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA, 98%), triethylamine (TEA, ≥ 99%,), aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and 1,4-butane diol (BD, 99%,) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000), ethanol (>94.5%), and tetrahydrofuran (THF, >99%) were supplied by Dae-Jung Chemical and Metal Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3, average size 10 µm) were kindly supplied by the South Korea Agency for Defense Development (ADD). All chemicals were used as received.
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