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33 protocols using one touch

1

Tail Tip Blood Glucose Measurement

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Following a previous study (11 (link)) the end of mouse tails were cut horizontally with a razor blade, and a small drop of blood was collected via gentle massage. The glucose level was then measured using a blood glucose meter (One Touch, Johnson & Johnson Medical). No food was supplied during the blood glucose measurement period.
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2

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling in Animal Models

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At the end of treatment period, fasted (8-10 h) animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected and centrifuged to obtain the serum. Total proteins, albumin, triglycerides, ALT, AST, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were measured by commercial kits (BioSystems, Spanish) in A15 automatic spectrophotometer (BioSystems Analyzer) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Lactate was quantified using an YSI 2900 analyser (YSI, Ohio, USA). IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by specific ELISA (BioTek-PowerWave XS) Kit (R&D Systems). Free fatty acids were measured by ELISA previously described by Itaya & Ui [24 (link)]. Fasting blood glucose was measured in the 1st, 7th and 15th day of treatment using a glucometer (One Touch, Johnson & Johnson). Hepatic and muscular glycogen content were measured as previously described by Rafacho et al. [25 (link)].
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3

Oral Glucose Tolerance and Metabolic Profiling

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Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) For OGTT, at mornings of days 90 (adult life) and 120 (adult life and early period of mating), after fasting for six hours, a glucose solution (200 g/L) was administered by gavage at a final dose of 2 g/kg body weight. Following, the blood samples were obtained by a small cut tip of the tail for blood glucose levels determination using a specific glucometer (OneTouch Ultra-Johnson & Johnson ® ) in the first timepoint (zero). For obtaining of the blood samples at 30, 60, and 120 minutes (min), a massage on the tail was performed toward the same small cut tip. The glycemic values were expressed in mg/dL 7 (Figure 1). Physiological and biochemical parameters analyzed before pregnancy (pre pregnancy period) At mornings of days 91 and 121 of life, maternal body weights, post prandial glycemia, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were determined. All blood samples were obtained from a small cut tip tail. Blood glucose concentrations were measured by conventional glucometer and these values were expressed in mg/dL. For evaluation of triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, Accutrend ® Plus (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) was used and the values were also expressed as mg/dL. The 24h-chow (g) and water (mL) intakes were calculated.
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4

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Insulin Sensitivity

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An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 3 days before the end of experiment to evaluate insulin sensitivity. At the beginning of OGTT, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured using a glucometer (One Touch, Johnson and Johnson, Milpitas, CA) and blood sample taken from the tail vein of rat (at 0 min) after fasting 12 h. Subsequently, rats were given a 40% glucose solution (2.0 g/kg) with gavage and then four additional blood samples were collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after glucose gavage for measurements of glucose concentrations. The area under the curve (AUC) of blood glucose concentration were calculated using proximity ladder shaped formula [22] (link). The concentration of fasting plasma insulin (FIns) was determined by a radioimmunoassay technique. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated with FBG and FIns (ISI = 1/FBG×FIns). Serum lipid profiles including TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were assayed spectrophotometrically using the respective commercial kits.
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5

Measuring Fasting Glucose and Lipids

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Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was measured using glucometer (OneTouch, Johnson & Johnson Co.). A commercial diagnostic kit (Randox (UK)) was used to assess lipid profile according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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6

Fasting Glucose Measurement in Animals

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The animals were allowed for overnight fasting prior to blood glucose measurement. The fasting glucose was measured using a biosensor based glucometer [40 (link)] (Johnson & Johnson Inc., USA; OneTouch) with a drop of blood from the tail vein and expressed as mg/dL.
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7

Insulin and Glucose Tolerance Assays in Mice

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To determine insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance, mice were fasted for 6 hours and overnight, respectively, and followed by intraperitoneal injection of insulin (0.75 units/kg body weight) or glucose (2.0 g/kg body weight), respectively. Blood samples were collected from tail veins, and blood glucose levels were measured using the blood glucometer (One Touch, Johnson & Johnson, USA) at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the insulin or glucose injection56 (link)57 (link).
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8

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Mice

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Mice were fasted overnight followed by oral gavage glucose (1.0 g/kg body weight). Blood samples were collected from tail veins at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. after glucose gavage, and blood glucose levels were measured using the blood glucometer (One Touch; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA).
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9

Atg7 Knockout in Murine Beta Cells

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Atg7F/F mice (C57Bl/6J background) were from Professor Masaaki Komatsu,26 (link) and were backcrossed with the Balb/c mouse strain. Mice with backcross numbers over 3 were used for the study, and were compared among the littermates. RIP-Cre mice (C57Bl/6J background) were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA). Atg7F/F mice were crossed with RIP-Cre mice to generate Atg7Δβ cell mice (mixed background of C57Bl/6J and Balb/c). RIP-Cre littermates and Atg7F/F littermates were used as wild-type controls. Male mice were fed standard chow diets, and were randomized into control and vildagliptin groups at 8 weeks of age. In the vildagliptin group, vildagliptin was administered via drinking water (0.3 mg/mL) for 12 weeks.9,27 (link) The fed blood glucose levels and body weights were monitored weekly using a glucometer (One Touch, Johnson & Johnson, Milpitas, CA, USA) and standard scale, respectively. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the institutional guidelines of Seoul National University Hospital.
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10

Glucose Monitoring and Body Composition

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The fasting blood glucose was measured weekly using a glucometer (One Touch, Johnson & Johnson). Body weight and water and food intake were monitored daily.
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