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64 protocols using poly allylamine hydrochloride

1

Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Gold Nanorods

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Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) [PSS (MW ≈ 75,000, 18 wt% in water)] and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) [PAH (MW ≈ 15,000)], Figure S1, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) used to control the pH were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. CaCl2 (purity ≥ 99.5%)] was obtained from Fisher Chemical (Waltham, MA, USA) and Na2CO3 was obtained from J. T. Baker (Philadelphia, PA, USA). TMPyP tetraiodide salt was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Gold nanorods (CTAB stabilized, 25 × 71 nm, product number A12-25-650-CTAB-DIH-25 lot RPD236AD) were purchased from Nanopartz Inc., Ltd. (Loveland, CO, USA). All the reagents were used as received. Polyelectrolyte solutions (3 mg/mL of PSS and 12 mg/mL of PAH, 0.5 M NaCl) were prepared in bi-distilled water, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 for the PSS/PAH used in the PEC’s preparation. PSS solution (1.7 mg/mL) was used for nanorod functionalization. Glass microscope slides (0.13–0.17 mm thickness) were obtained from Normax, Marinha Grande, Portugal.
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2

Lipid Membrane Formation and Characterization

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Poly(allylamine hydrochloride), (PAH, Mw 15 kDa), poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt), (PSS, Mw 70 kDa), Alginic acid sodium salt (Alg, Mw 10 -600 kDa), poly(acrylic acid) solution in water 35 wt % (PAA, Mw 100 kDa), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride (NaCl) and chloroform anhydrous (> 99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The phospholipids 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC, 10 mg/ml in chloroform), 1,2dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS, sodium salt, 10 mg/ml in chloroform), chainlabeled 18:1-12:0 NBD-PC and 18:1-12:0 NBD-PS were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. Ethanol absolute (99,9 % HPLC) was obtained from Scharlau S.A.
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3

Scalable Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

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Materials. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) 99.0%, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) 99.9% , ascorbic acid, silver nitrate (AgNO3) 99.99%, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), dopamine hydrochloride (99.0%), trizma Hydrochloride (99.0%), 11-mercapto-undecanoic acid (MUA), boric acid, Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) MW ∼70,000, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) MW ∼100,000, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) MW ∼15,000, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) MW ~15,000, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. All solutions were prepared using Milli-Q deionized water. Singlestranded DNA sequences (HPLC purified) were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies: Nanorod preparation. Nanorod solutions were prepared via a scaled-up (~450 mL) version 37 of the seed-based procedure developed by Nikoobakht and El-Sayed. 38
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4

Biomolecule Detection Sensor Fabrication

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Materials and Reagents. Silver nitrate, APTES, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) solution (average Mw ~ 70 000, 30 wt % in H2O), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (average Mw 50 000), 5,5′-ditho-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced, yeast glutathione reductase, L-glutathione reduced, L-cysteine, L-homocysteine, L-arginine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, and L-valine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. P-type wafer was purchased from Silicon Quest (Santa Clara, CA). Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and phosphate buffered saline were purchased from Fisher Scientific. All chemicals are reagent grade, and deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q ultrapure (18.2 MΩ cm) system.
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5

Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

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Tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate (99.99%), sodium citrate dihydrate (≥ 99%), Triton X-100 (laboratory grade), sodium borohydride (≥ 98%), silver nitrate (> 99%), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (mw 2000), poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH, mw 50000), sodium poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS, mw 70000), nitric acid (≥ 65%), nitric acid (1M), hydrochloric acid (≥ 37%), sulfuric acid (95.0–97.0%), hydrogen peroxyde (30% w/w), ethanol (≥ 99.8%), 2-propanol (99.5%), and ethyl cellulose (10 cP; 22 cP; 46 cP; 100 cP) were bought from Sigma Aldrich (Milano, Italy); α-mercapto,ω-carboxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mw 3000), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (mw 5000), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (mw 10000), and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (mw 20000) were bought RAPP Polymere (Tübingen, Germany); Ethylene glycol (99.5%) and ammonia solution in water (30% w/w) were bought from Carlo Erba Reagenti S.p.A. (Milano, Italy) Glass coverslides (22 × 26 mm, 0.14 mm thickness) were bought from Delchimica Scientific Gòassware (Napoli, Italy).
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6

Polyelectrolyte Complexes Formation

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Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (Mw 24 kDa), poly-L-lysine -FITC labelled (Mw 15-30 kDa), poly(ethyleneimine) (Mw 750 kDa), Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (Mw 56 kDa), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (Mw 70 kDa), Tris base and sodium chloride were purchased from Sigma, Germany and used without further purification. Dried sodium hyaluronate (Mw 360 kDa) was from Lifecore Biomedical, USA and hydrochloric acid from Merck, Germany.
The water used in all experiments was prepared in a three-stage Millipore Milli-Q Plus 185 purification system and had a resistivity higher than 18.2 MΩ cm. The 12mm (diameter) round coverslips (Size No. 1) were purchased from Marienfeld GmbH, Germany and Hellmanex II from Hellma Analytics, Germany.
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7

Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis via Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

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Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (Mw 56,000), poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) 35 wt.% solution in water (PAA) (Mw 15,000), silver nitrate solution (> 99% titration, 0.1 N AgNO3), and dimethylamine borane complex (DMAB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without any further purification. Aqueous solutions of 0.01 M of both PAH and PAA were prepared using ultrapure deionized water (18.2 MΩ) and adjusted to pH values 7.0 and 9.0 by the addition of a few drops of HCl or NaOH 1 M.
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8

Electrochemical Biosensing Platform Development

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All buffer solutions were prepared with purified Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ). Poly(allylamine hydrochloride), (PAA MW~50,000), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS, MW~70,000), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), acridine orange (AO), and avidin from egg white were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium chloride, methylene blue (MB), 2-propanol, 25% ammonium solution, 28–30% ammonium hydroxide, acetone, and 95% ethanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). DynabeadsTM MyOneTM Streptavidin T1 was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). AccuPower 2× Greenstar qPCR Master Mix was purchased from Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea), 2× PCR Master Mix Solution (i-StarTaq) was purchased from iNtRON Biotechnology (Seongnam, Korea).
For electrochemical measurements, screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were obtained from Quasense (Bangkok, Thailand) and the PalmSens4 potentiostat with PSTrace software version 5.8 was obtained from Palmsens (Houten, The Netherlands).
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9

Preparation and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complexes

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Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH, MW 58,000), poly(4-styrenesulfonate) sodium salt (PSS, MW = 70,000), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA, MW 100,000), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA, MW 200,000–350,000), poly(ethylenimine) (PEI, MW ~750,000) were all purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) kit (Sylgard 184) was purchased from Dow-Corning, Midland, USA. In addition PDMS (Elastosil, RT 602) from Wacker AG, München, Germany was used. Deionized (DI) water from a Milli-Q (Millipore) water purification system was used to make all solutions. All the chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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10

Synthesis of Rare Earth Nanomaterials

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Reagent or HPLC grade chemicals were used in this study. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Yttrium acetate hydrate, ytterbium acetate hydrate, thulium acetate hydrate, neodymium acetate hydrate, oleic acid, 1-octadecene, sodium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, IGEPAL CO-520, ammonium hydroxide solution, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Polyallylamine hydrochloride 17,000 MW, 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene) dimalonic acid (ABDA), anatase titanium(IV) oxide, titanium(IV) butoxide (TBOT), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC-HCl), N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (sulfo-NHS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and cell counting kit 8(CCK8) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA); n-hexane, acetone, methanol, and ethanol were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); PEG-FA-NHS ester (MW 3400) was purchased from Nanocs (New York, NY, USA).
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