Brainsight software

Manufactured by Rogue Research

Sourced in Canada

Brainsight software is a tool designed for brain imaging data analysis. Its core function is to provide a comprehensive platform for processing, visualizing, and analyzing data acquired from various neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG).

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Lab products found in correlation

Zen 2, by Zeiss (1 mentions) Polaris vicra infrared camera, by Northern Digital (1 mentions) Polaris vicra, by Northern Digital (1 mentions)

6 protocols using brainsight software

3D Brain Reconstruction and Statistical Analysis

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Image processing was performed using the 64-bit versions of ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, USA) and ZEN 2.5 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). The 3D reconstructions and tissue volumes were obtained using Brainsight software (Rogue Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada).
All statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism v8.4.2 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA), and datasets were assessed for normality parameters prior to the significance tests. Statistical significance was assessed using two-tailed Student’s t test when comparing two groups. When analysing multiple groups, we used a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test to determine the statistical significance. For the variables measured longitudinally at several time points, we analysed the data using repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and data were recorded and analysed blindly, whenever possible.

Jiang Z., Wang J., Qin Y., Liu S., Luo B., Bai F., Wei H., Zhang S., Wei J., Ding G., Ma L., He S., Chen R., Sun Y., Chen Y., Wang L., Xu H., Wang X., Chen G, & Lei W. (2024). A nonhuman primate model with Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology induced by hippocampal overexpression of human tau. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 16, 22.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Language Areas

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A MagPro ×100 stimulator (MagVenture, Hückelhoven, Germany) with a 70 mm figure-eight coil was used to apply the TMS. A neuronavigation system (Brainsight software, Rogue Research, Montreal, Canada) was used with a Polaris Vicra infrared camera (Northern Digital, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada) to guide stimulation.
Pulses were administered to each target site at 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 ms post-stimulus onset (5 Hz; Fig. 1A). The first TMS pulse was administered 400 ms after the start of the video because the onset of the sign or pseudosign occurred ~400 ms after video onset which began with the model’s hands at rest along the body. Intensity was set to 110% of the individual motor threshold, measured by a visible twitch of the hand during single TMS pulses administered to the hand area in the left primary motor cortex (average intensity = 40% of the maximum stimulator output power; SD = 6%, range = 27–54%). Pulses were applied pseudorandomly on half of the trials (TMS vs. no TMS conditions). There were three experimental runs, one run per anatomical structure. The order of stimulated structures was counterbalanced across participants.

Banaszkiewicz A., Bola Ł., Matuszewski J., Szczepanik M., Kossowski B., Mostowski P., Rutkowski P., Śliwińska M., Jednoróg K., Emmorey K, & Marchewka A. (2020). The role of the superior parietal lobule in lexical processing of sign language: Insights from fMRI and TMS. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 135, 240-254.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex

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Single pulse TMS (Magstim 200², Wales, U.K.) was delivered using a figure-of-eight coil (diameter 70mm) to the subjects’ left and right primary motor cortices (M1) during each condition described above (30/R, 30/10, 30/30 and 30/70), where the right hemisphere served as the test hemisphere. Subjects’ own MRI scan was used to stereotactically guide TMS [BRAINSIGHT software (Rogue Research, Montreal, Canada)] to M1.
TMS-evoked responses, called motor evoked potentials (MEPs), were recorded in the contralateral FDI muscle using surface EMG electrodes. To evoke MEPs, the TMS coil was placed tangential to the scalp with the handle oriented backward and laterally at a 45° angle to the midsagittal axis. We identified the motor ‘hot spot’ which is the scalp site eliciting reliable criterion MEPs (≥ 50µV in at least 3/5 trials) with the lowest % maximum stimulator output (%MSO) for each hemisphere, commonly referred to as resting motor threshold (rMT). We also defined active motor threshold (aMT) at the ‘hotspot’ location which was the % MSO that elicited reliable criterion MEPs (≥ 200µV in at least 3/5 trials) when the left hand FDI was contracted at 30% MVC.

Cunningham D.A., Roelle S., Allexandre D., Potter-Baker K., Sankarasubramanian V., Knutson J., Yue G., Machado A, & Plow E.B. (2017). The effect of motor overflow on bimanual asymmetric force coordination. Experimental brain research, 235(4), 1097-1105.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Right Frontoparietal Cortex

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The RFPC peak was defined as [x,y,z]= [35,50,15] in MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) space. The coordinates were based on a number of fMRI findings that indicated RFPC involvement in exploration (Badre et al., 2012 (link); Boorman et al., 2009 (link); Daw et al., 2006 (link)) and constrained by the plausibility of stimulation (e.g. defining ‘z’ coordinate lower would result in the coil being placed uncomfortably close to the eyes). Vertex corresponded to the Cz position of the 10–20 EEG system. In order to locate the stimulation sites we used a frameless neuronavigation system (Brainsight software, Rogue Research, Montreal, Canada) with a Polaris Vicra infrared camera (Northern Digital, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada).

Zajkowski W.K., Kossut M, & Wilson R.C. (2017). A causal role for right frontopolar cortex in directed, but not random, exploration. eLife, 6, e27430.

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Neuronavigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Neuronavigation was utilized in order to achieve submillimeter precision in the targeting of stimulation sites. A frameless stereotactic system was used to track the location of the participant’s head relative to the coil with an IR tracker camera. Tracking markers were co-registered with the individual participant’s structural and functional images using the Brainsight software (Rogue Research, Montreal, QC, Canada). The location of PMd stimulation was determined by targeting the most significant voxel in a cluster identified while the participant was making a finger response, ensuring that the location was in good agreement with published anatomical landmarks (Fig. 2, top left). The location of Vertex stimulation was defined as the scalp location above the intersection of sagittal midline and the postcentral gyri (location Cz in the 10–20 system). Trials in which the stimulated area was more than 3.0 mm away from the designated target were excluded from all analyses.

Rice P, & Stocco A. (2019). The Role of Dorsal Premotor Cortex in Resolving Abstract Motor Rules: Converging Evidence From Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Cognitive Modeling. Topics in cognitive science, 11(1), 240-260.

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Dual-Pulse Inter-Hemispheric Inhibition

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In Experiment 2 a dual-pulse inter-hemispheric inhibition protocol was utilised involving a 57, 12, and 23. This was marked in each subject's anatomical scan using Brainsight software (Rogue Research Ltd, Montreal, Canada). We used a 10ms inter-pulse-interval after the conditioning pulse before administering the subsequent test pulse to left M1 lip area, consistent with inter-hemispheric inhibition protocols (Di Lazzaro et al., 1999; (link)Mochizuki et al., 2004) (link). This dual-pulse protocol was always administered by two experimenters who held one coil each, as it is not feasible for one experimenter to hold both coils at the same time.

Nuttall H.E., Kennedy-Higgins D., Devlin J.T, & Adank P. (2018). Modulation of intra- and inter-hemispheric connectivity between primary and premotor cortex during speech perception. Brain and language, 187.

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