Elan drc e icp ms

Urine samples were collected from workers after a shift at work. The samples were collected from May 2021 to June 2021 and were stored at −80 °C until As determination and untargeted analysis. In all urine samples, the concentrations of tAs and creatinine were determined. The concentrations of urinary tAs and As species were normalized to creatinine. In the WH group, speciation studies of two As forms—iAs and arsenobetaine (AsB)—were additionally performed. The concentration of urinary tAs was determined using an ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS with a Dynamic Reaction Cell (Perkin Elmer, SCIEX, Waltham, MA, USA), and the concentration of As species—iAs and AsB—were determined using the instrument Series 200 HPLC (Perkin Elmer, SCIEX, Waltham, MA, USA). Further description of As determination in the urine was provided in the study by Janasik et al. [23 (link)].

The EE products were analyzed concerning the total phenolic content and dynamics along the shelf life; the AP products were analyzed concerning the content in minerals and microelements and the elements distribution in waste by comparison with the literature data. The total phenolic content was assessed by the Folin–Ciocalteau method, as described in the European Pharmacopoeia [180 ] using a UV/Vis Hélios γ (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA) spectrophotometer. The content of the total phenolic acids in samples was estimated by comparison with the gallic acid (reference substance) calibration curve: R² = 0.986, n = 3. The results are therefore expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE] per 100 g fresh fruit (mg%, FW). The contents of minerals and microelements in the AP products were assessed by the ICP-MS method (PerkinElmer^® ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS, Waltham, MA, USA); the microwave digestion of the test samples was carried out using a model Multiwave™ 3000 microwave system (Anton Paar, Graz, Austria); the precise digestion and analytical conditions in the study are available in the authors’ studies [181 ]. The chemicals (sodium carbonate), reagents (Folin-Ciocalteau), solvents (ethanol, acetone) and the reference compound (gallic acid, 95% purity) used in the study were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) distributor in Romania.

A total of 200 mg of dried tissue was dissected, minced by mortar and transferred to the digestion tube. A total of 4 mL of superior nitric acid was added into it. Then the microwave-assisted digestion program began (Multiwave GO was from Anton Paar, Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China). The digested solution was transferred to an acid-driven processor at 150 °C for 40 min and then to BHW-09A constant temperature digester (Botonyc, Shanghai, China). Then the solution was added with double-distilled water (DDW) to 10 mL for follow-up tests. According to Pinheiro et al. [28 (link)] Elan DRC-e ICP-MS (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) detection was established for determination of trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se) in livers of chickens.

MEF analysis of 18 above elements were, respectively, employed and obtained from Elan Drc-E ICP-MS (Perkin Elmer Co., Ltd., Waltham, MA, USA) and Optima 8000 ICP-OES (Perkin Elmer). The contents of 13 elements including Ag (Ⅰ), Cd (II), Pb (II), Fe (III), Cu (II), Zn (II), Al (III), Sr (Ⅰ), Ni (II), As (III), Cr (III), V (Ⅴ) and Se (VI) were determined by ICP-MS, and the remaining five elements (i.e., Mn (II), K (Ⅰ), Ca (II), Na (Ⅰ) and Mg (II)) were detected using ICP-OES. ICP-MS/OES was calibrated with a blank control that did not contain samples. The measurements were repeated three times for each sample, and each value calculated was the average of the three measurements. The comparison of information regarding the optimised working conditions and parameters for ICP-MS and ICP-OES is shown in Table 1.