Mcf7 cells

Transformed African green monkey kidney fibroblast COS-7 cells (RCB0539, Riken BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan) were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (FUJIFILM Wako, Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Biofluids, Fleming Island, FL) and nonessential amino acids (FUJIFILM Wako). Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (Health Science Research Resources Bank, Osaka, Japan) were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 15% (v/v) FBS. A knockout cell line for human GDE7 gene (GDPD3) was previously established^{18 (link)}. 3T3-L1 cells (Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank, Ibaraki, Japan) were maintained in DMEM (1 g L⁻¹ glucose) supplemented with 10% (v/v) calf serum (Cytiva, Marlborough, MA). These cell lines were cultured at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂ and 95% air.

HEK293, BT474, and SKBR3 cells were purchased from ATCC, Manassas, VA, and MCF7 cells from Health Science Research Resources Bank, Osaka, Japan. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were purchased from Cell Applications, San Diego, CA. HEK293, BT474, and MCF7 cells and HDFs were maintained in DMEM containing 10% FBS, while SKBR3 cells were maintained in McCoy’s 5 A medium containing 10% FBS. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were purchased from Lonza, Basel, Switzerland, and maintained in MCDB107 medium (Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan) supplemented with 10% FBS, 20 ng/mL bovine brain extract (Funakoshi), 10 ng/mL EGF (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA), and 50 μg/mL heparin (Wako, Osaka, Japan). For HUVECs, the culture dishes were coated with 0.3 mg/mL type I collagen (Koken, Tokyo) at 37 °C for 1 h. All cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO₂/95% air atmosphere.