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12 protocols using igfbp3

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Lysates

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Whole retinal lysates from mice or cell culture lysates were collected in lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Equal amounts of protein were separated onto a precast Tris-glycine gel (Invitrogen) and blotted on nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking in TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% Tween-20) and 5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA), the membranes were treated with acetyl-lysine (1:500, Cat #80178) and IGFBP-3 (1:500, Cat# 76,001; Abcam) or GAPDH and beta actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) primary antibodies overnight followed by incubation with secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit-horseradish peroxidase; Promega, Madison, WI) for 0.5–1.0 h. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected with a chemiluminescence reagent kit (Thermo Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA), and data were acquired using an Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA). Western blot data were assessed using Image Studio Lite software. A representative blot for each treatment group is shown.
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2

Quantification of IGF and IGFBP biomarkers

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ELISA kits for Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1, #ab211651, intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) 2.3%) and Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3, #ab211652, intra-assay CV 3.1%) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA), and ELISA kit for Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2, #DGB200, intra-assay CV 5%) was from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN), and ELISA kit for Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH, #AL-124, intra-assay CV 3.7%) was purchased from AnshLabs (Webster, TX). The plasma samples from each time point of selected subjects were diluted with dilution factors of 1:80, 1:100, and 1:2000 for IGF1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP3 detection, respectively; and for AMH measurement, dilution factors of 1:10 and 1:500 were used for samples from females and males, respectively. All ELISA measurements were conducted according to manufacturer’s protocol. Duplicated wells were used to average the absorbance values and the concentration of target proteins in the plasma were calculated based on the calibration curve (R2 = 0.9848, 0.9999, 0.9936 and 0.9971 for IGF1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, and AMH, respectively.) and dilution factor after subtraction of background.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Cell lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). The protein content of the cell lysates was quantified using the Bradford assay [25 (link)]. The proteins (30 μg) were resolved using 10–12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (GE Healthcare, USA). The membrane was blocked for 1 h using 5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk in Tris-buffered saline containing Tween-20 and incubated with primary and secondary antibodies according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Antibodies against p-Akt (Ser273), Akt, p-PI3K (Tyr458/Tyr199), PI3K, p-AMPK (Thr172), AMPK, p-mTOR (Ser2448), mTOR, p-p70S6K (Thr389), p70S6K, p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1; p-4E-BP1 (Thr37/46), 4E-BP1 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), IGFBP3 (Abcam, UK), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) were used. An enhanced chemiluminescence system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was used to visualize the bands using the ChemiDoc MP system (Bio-Rad, USA). Densitometry of the bands was performed using the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health,USA). Protein levels were quantitatively analyzed and normalized to GAPDH.
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4

Quantitative Immunoblotting of Retinal Proteins

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Retinal cell lysates were collected into lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Equal amounts of protein were separated onto a pre-cast tris-glycine gel (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane and blocked with TBST (10mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20) and 5% (w/v) BSA. Membranes were treated with HMGB1, IGFBP-3, Epac1(Abcam, Cambridge, MA) or beta actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) primary antibodies followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary antibodies. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected by chemilluminescence reagent kit (Thermo Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and data was acquired using an Azure C500 (Azure Biosystems, Dublin, CA). Western blot data were assessed using Image Studio Lite software.
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5

Western Blot Profiling of EMT Markers

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The protocol used for western blotting is described elsewhere.22 (link) Total cellular protein was extracted in lysis buffer by radioimmunoprecipitation assay. The protein concentration was determined by using the bicinchoninic acid kit (Biyuntian, Jiangsu, China). Load the same amount of protein onto 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel. After electrophoresis, the protein was blotted onto a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The membrane was blocked in 5% skim milk and incubated with the primary antibody overnight at 4 °C, and then treated with secondary antibody at 37 °C for 2 h. The primary rabbit anti-human antibodies used were as follows: ECAD (Cell Signaling Technology), NCAD (Cell Signaling Technology), vimentin (Proteintech Group), MMP1 (Cell Signaling Technology), MMP3 (Abcam), IGFBP3 (Abcam), β-catenin (Cell Signaling Technology), Akt (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-Akt (Cell Signaling Technology), GSK-3β (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-GSK-3β (Cell Signaling Technology), TBP (Proteintech Group) and β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology).
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6

Quantification of Angiogenic Factors

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To confirm the semi-quantitative results of the angiogenesis array, protein concentrations of selected pro- and anti-angiogenic factors were measured in the CM, EV-depleted CM and (lysed) EVs of DPSCs and BM-MSCs by ELISA. ELISA kits for VEGF (#DY293B), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1, #DY871), TIMP-1 (#DY970), angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1, #DY923) (R&D Systems) and IGFBP-3 (#ab217607, Abcam) were used conform the manufacturer’s guidelines. Data were normalized to the number of seeded cells.
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7

XTTF Decoction for Biomarker Analysis

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The components of XTTF decoction were purchased from Shanghai Ley’s Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and the decoction was manufactured in Changzheng Hospital. Antibodies to IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP-3 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Trizol reagent and transcription reagent were obtained from JRDUN Biotechnology Company (Shanghai, China).
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8

Protein and Gene Expression Analysis

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Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed as described in our previous study [16 (link)]. Primary antibodies for Western blot were: PHF5A (1:500; Invitrogen); IGFBP3 (1:500; Abcam); PIK3CB (1:500; CST); AKT2 (1:500; Abcam); DDIT3 (1:200; Abcam); Skp2 (1:500; Abcam); P53 (1:1000; CST); GAPDH (1:2000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The primers used for qRT-PCR are listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. Gene and protein expression levels were normalized to those of the internal control GAPDH.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Tissue Proteins

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Tissue proteins were extracted by RIPA lysis buffer (Cell Signaling Technology, USA) containing a protease inhibitor cocktail (KeyGEN BioTECH, China). The protein concentration was determined by the BCA protein assay (Beyotime, China). After that, the proteins were isolated by SDS–PAGE and then passed on to a PVDF membrane (Millipore, USA). The membrane was blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin at room temperature for 1 h and then incubated with primary antibodies against collagen I (Abcam, USA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) (Abcam, USA), IGFBP3 (Abcam, USA), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) (Abcam, USA), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) (Abcam, USA), and GAPDH (Abcam, USA). The membrane was washed and soaked with appropriate secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The protein bands were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagents (Millipore, USA) and imaged with an imaging system (Tanon, China). The GAPDH signal was used as a loading control.
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10

Graphene Oxide and Antibody Assay

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GO 1% dispersion was purchased from GO Graphene William Blythe Limited (Essex, England, United Kingdom). Actin, IGF-1, IGFBP3, and Nrf-2 antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).
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