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4 protocols using mouse anti rat β actin

1

Intrathecal Drug Delivery for Neuroinflammation

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Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), minocycline and fluorocitrate were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The normal goat IgG, anti-CCL5 neutralizing antibody and recombinant rat CCL5 were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Anti-rat CCL5, rabbit anti-rat NF-κB p65 and mouse anti-rat β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated IgG and tetraethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (Jackson Immunolab, West Grove, PA, USA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA), ionized calcium–binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1, Abcam), and neuronal specific nuclear protein (NeuN, neuronal marker, NOVUS) were purchased. The dosages of intrathecal drugs and peptides were chosen according to former studies [17 (link), 29 (link)] and our preliminary tests.
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2

Protein Expression Analysis in Spinal Cord

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The L2 segment spinal cord was lysed with the lysis buffer. After homogenizing, standing, and centrifugation, the protein concentration was determined. The protein samples underwent analysis with 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and transferred onto the SDS-PAGE membrane. After blocking with 10% dried skimmed milk powder at 4°C overnight, the membrane was incubated for 1 h with the primary antibodies, including mouse anti-rat CNTF primary antibody (1: 500) (Chemicon International Inc., Temecula, CA, USA), goat anti-rat IL-6 (1: 200) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), goat anti-rat IL-10 (1: 2000 dilution; R&D Systems), and mouse anti-rat β-actin (1: 2000) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX, USA). The membrane was incubated with secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), goat anti-mouse IgG (1: 5,000) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX, USA) at room temperature for 70 min. Color development was performed with the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit, and protein band images were obtained and analyzed with Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). β-actin was used as the internal reference.
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Frozen Testicular Tissue Protein Analysis

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Frozen testicular tissue was prepared with lysis buffer (150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl [pH 7.4], 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], 1.0% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium-deoxycholate, 0.2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, protease inhibitor cocktails, and phosphates inhibitors). Equal amounts of proteins were separated by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and electrotransferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, USA). The proteins were then blocked with 5% BSA for 2 h at room temperature. The membranes were incubated with appropriately diluted rabbit anti-rat primary antibodies for the detection of HO-1 (Abcam, UK), MFN-2 (Boshide, Wuhan, China), HMGB-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co., USA), and mouse anti-rat β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co., USA) overnight at 4°C. The membranes were then incubated with the relevant secondary antibodies (HO-1, MFN-2, HMGB-1: anti-rabbit IgG, β-actin: anti-mouse IgG; all purchased from Boshide, Wuhan, China) for 2 h at 20°C. The proteins were detected with an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system. β-Actin served as the internal control. The analysis was repeated thrice.
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4

Granulosa-Luteal Cell Protein Analysis

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Granulosa-luteal cells (GLCs) were isolated from the follicular fluid of 68 women participating in the study. BMP-6 protein and PPARγ protein were measured using Western blotting. GLCs were Lysate with 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% sodium deoxycholic acid,1% Nonidet P-40, and complete protease inhibitor mixture tablets (Roche Applied Science, Penzberg, Germany). From each sample, 10 ng of protein were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and electro-transferred to a PVDF membrane (EMD Millipore, USA). Membranes were blocked with 5% milk for 2h at 25 C and incubated 12h at 4 C using the following primary antibodies: Rabbit anti-rat BMP-6 (1:1,000; cat No. ab155963; Abcam, UK), and Anti-PPARγ (Antibody (B-5): sc-271392, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA). The BMP-6 protein level and PPARγ protein level were normalized based on the level of β-actin protein. The primary antibody for β-actin was mouse anti-rat β-actin (1:1,000; cat no.sc-130656; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA). Membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1:10,000, cat no.611-1302; Rockland) for 2h at 25 C and then evaluated with Enhanced Chemi-Luminescence, and Fusion Fx (Vilber Lourmat, France).
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