Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate

Iron salts (FeCl₂·4H₂O and FeCl₃·6H₂O), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate (NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O), oleic acid (OA), chitosan (CS), dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and NaOH were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Both HCT 116 and HEK 293 cell lines were obtained from ATCC, USA. Culture Medium (DMEM), antibiotic, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and EDTA were procured from Gibco-Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). Antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. USA and eBioscience, Inc. San Diego, USA. MTT and DAPI were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA).

Fenofibrate was kindly donated from JPI Co. (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Kollidon^® 12 and D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, and Kolliphor^® TPGS were obtained as a gift sample from BASF Co. (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Microcrystalline cellulose and Avicel^® PH-102 were gained as a gift sample from DuPont Nutrition USA, Inc. (Wilmington, NC, USA). Lactose monohydrate and Granulac 200^® were obtained from Meggle (Wasserburg, Germany). Colloidal silicon dioxide and Aerosil 200^® were purchased from Evonik (Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany). Sodium stearyl fumarate, Pruv^® and sodium starch glycolate, and Explotab^® were obtained as a gift sample form JRS pharma (Rosenberg, Germany). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Methanol (99.9%), formic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, sodium carbonate and calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl₂(H₂O)₂) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) reagent, 2,2-Azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) reagent, Trolox, hydrochloric acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallocatechin, 4-vinylphenol, 4-vinylguaiacol, α-amylase (EC 232-565-6) from porcine pancreas (enzyme activity 5 U/mg solid), pepsin (EC 232-629-3) from porcine gastric mucosa (enzyme activity ≥ 2500 U/mg protein) and pancreatin (EC 232-468-9) from porcine pancreas (4 × USP specifications) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Bile bovine (EC 232-369-0) was from Millipore (ZDA). Potassium chloride (KCl), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂(H₂O)₆) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ammonium carbonate ((NH₄)₂CO₃) was from Honeywell/Riedel-de Haen (Seelze, Germany). All chemicals and reagents used were of analytical quality. For preparation of working solutions ultrapure water (Milli-Q; Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used.

Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrated, Aluminum chloride anhydrous (99.999%), Sodium sulfate anhydrous (≥ 99.0%), Hexachlorocyclophosphazene, Chloroform, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Ethanol, MEthanol, Zinc acetate dehydrate and Toluene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Propylene glycol (99%), Paraformaldehyde, Dimethyl sulfoxide (≥ 99.9%) and ɛ-Caprolacton (ɛ-CL, 98%) were purchased from Merck. All chemicals used without further purification except when mentioned specifically. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate were purchased from Merck. All reagents for cell cultures were from Gibco. Plastics and tissue culture plates were from SPL, Korea. Applied cells were acquired from Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran.

Ultra-performance LC grade acetonitrile (ACN), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water were purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, Netherlands). 1-Butanol (BuOH) was obtained from Boom (Meppel, Netherlands). Acetic acid, ammonium hydroxide, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethylenediaminetetraAcetic acid (EDTA) and ammonium acetate were from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, Netherlands). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate and citric acid were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Standards and deuterated standards for the isoprostanes, prostanoids and NO₂-FAs were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) (see Table S1). LPA and sphingoid base standards and uneven fatty acid length internal standards (ISTDs) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA) (Table S1).