The FTIR spectrum of the powdered mucilage was measured on a Bruker Alpha ECO-ATR (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) in the range of 4000–500 cm−1 with a resolution of 4.0 cm−1 and 24 cumulative scans using the attenuated total reflectance/reflection (ATR) technique.
Alpha eco atr
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany
The Alpha ECO-ATR is a compact and robust Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer designed for attenuated total reflectance (ATR) analysis. It is capable of performing quick and easy infrared measurements on a variety of solid, liquid, and paste-like samples.
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4 protocols using alpha eco atr
1
FTIR Analysis of Powdered Mucilage
2
Structural Analysis of Plant Leaves and Roots
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Leaves of plants were washed in deionized water for 3–4 times and dried at 80 °C for 72 h. A powdered sample was prepared and set uniformly on a glass slide for XRD studies. The Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (Bruker Alpha- ECOATR) along with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) was used to determine physicochemical and intermolecular cross-linking of NPs and plant system using dried plant root sample homogenized, and placed over the ZnSe crystal of ATR (Hashim et al. 2010 (link)).
The anatomy of plant leaf and root were observed using different techniques, such as light microscopy and SEM. Samples collected, were first fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH-7.1) for 8 h, and dehydrated in an increasing order ethanol series (Sass 2007 ; Johansen 1940 ). Root samples were first observed under light microscope (OLYMPUS, CH20i) for preliminary observation. The samples were sealed in parafilm, frozen in liquid nitrogen and fractured transversely using a pre-cooled knife, and later observed by SEM.
The anatomy of plant leaf and root were observed using different techniques, such as light microscopy and SEM. Samples collected, were first fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH-7.1) for 8 h, and dehydrated in an increasing order ethanol series (Sass 2007 ; Johansen 1940 ). Root samples were first observed under light microscope (OLYMPUS, CH20i) for preliminary observation. The samples were sealed in parafilm, frozen in liquid nitrogen and fractured transversely using a pre-cooled knife, and later observed by SEM.
3
FTIR Analysis of Treated and Untreated Wood
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FTIR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Alpha Eco-ATR instrument. The samples were prepared by grinding the treated and untreated woods into fine powder. Spectra were recorded in the range of 4000-400 cm -1 at a resolution of 4 cm -1 and 16 scans with an ATR mode. Measurement was taken minimum twice for each type of sample. In addition, SorCA pure powder was also created and observed through evaporation/curing of the SorCA solution at different temperatures of 103, 140, and 160 °C for 24 h.
4
Characterization of CaP-Hydrogel Composites
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Microstructures in the respective
systems were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy
(SEM, FEI Co., Netherlands) with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV
after sputter-coating with platinum. The composites were analyzed
by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Alpha eco-ATR,
Bruker Optik Co., Germany). For SEM and FTIR analysis, CaP–hydrogel
composites were prepared by rinsing with pure water for 1 h twice
and freeze-drying (TFD 8503, IlShinBioBase, Korea). The crystal phase
of the composites was analyzed with a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer
(XRD, X’Pert PRO MRD, Cu Kα = 1.54 Å, PAN Analytical,
Netherlands). For the XRD analysis, the crystal was prepared by dissolving
agarose with hot water and subsequently purifying with centrifugation.
The pH was measured from three independent samples by a pH meter (SevenCompact
pH/Ionmeters S220, Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) with an electrode
of a 3 mm diameter (InLab Ultra-Micro, Mettler Toledo, Switzerland).
systems were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy
(SEM, FEI Co., Netherlands) with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV
after sputter-coating with platinum. The composites were analyzed
by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Alpha eco-ATR,
Bruker Optik Co., Germany). For SEM and FTIR analysis, CaP–hydrogel
composites were prepared by rinsing with pure water for 1 h twice
and freeze-drying (TFD 8503, IlShinBioBase, Korea). The crystal phase
of the composites was analyzed with a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer
(XRD, X’Pert PRO MRD, Cu Kα = 1.54 Å, PAN Analytical,
Netherlands). For the XRD analysis, the crystal was prepared by dissolving
agarose with hot water and subsequently purifying with centrifugation.
The pH was measured from three independent samples by a pH meter (SevenCompact
pH/Ionmeters S220, Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) with an electrode
of a 3 mm diameter (InLab Ultra-Micro, Mettler Toledo, Switzerland).
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