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Fs 240

Manufactured by Agilent Technologies

The FS 240 is a laboratory instrument designed for spectral analysis. It performs measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength ranges.

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2 protocols using fs 240

1

Comprehensive Characterization of Prepared Sample

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The elemental composition and morphological
analysis were characterized for the prepared sample by a scanning
electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi SU8230) equipped with energy-dispersive
X-ray analysis (EDX). The X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8) has been
performed to confirm the formation of the prepared phase and determine
its crystallinity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, SPECS EnviroESCA)
has been employed to estimate the surface composition and electronic
state of the elements in the prepared sample. Atomic absorption spectroscopy
(AAS, Agilent FS 240) was used to further confirm the Al etching rates,
and the specific surface area of samples was measured by a surface
area and porosity analyzer (Micromeritics TriStar 3000). Surface termination
groups have been verified by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
(FTIR, Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10). The electrochemical characterization
and data analysis were performed using electrochemical workstations
(Solartron SI 1280 and SI 1260) equipped with software Corrware and
Zplot (Scribner Associates Inc.).
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2

Physico-chemical Characterization of Sludge

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Fresh sludge samples were used for physico-chemical analysis. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the sludge samples were measured in 1:2.5 (soil:water) suspensions (Jackson 1973 ). EC was measured using a digital conductivity meter (Systronics, India), and the pH by pH meter (CyberScan pH 510, Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd). The bulk density and water holding capacity (WHC) of the sludge were measured by the method suggested by Piper (1945 (link)). Walkley and Black (1934 ), micro-Kjeldhal techniques (Jackson 1958 ), ascorbic acid method (Olsen et al. 1965 (link)), and 1 N ammonium acetate method (Nelson and Heidel 1952 ) were used to measure the organic carbon, the total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium content in sludge samples, respectively. According to Nieuwenhuize et al. (1991 (link)), aqua regia (HCl:HNO3; 3:1) was used for the digestion of sludge samples in order to analyze total micronutrients and heavy metals in all sludge samples. The heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn) were analyzed on an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (Agilent FS-240) (Lindsay and Norvell 1978 (link)). Physico-chemical characteristics of the influent wastewater and treated water were done by the previously described standard method (Reddy and Dubey 2021 (link), Chourasia et al. 2022 (link)).
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