To assess the capacity of the Posidyne® filter to remove beta-glucan from the sucrose buffer at a concentration of 250 g/L, a small scale study was performed using a Acrodisc® syringe filter with Posidyne® membrane (PALL Corporation, New York, US) attached to a 50 mL syringe (BD Biosciences New Jersey, US). A stock solution of sucrose at 250 g/L was prepared; 50 mL was passed through the Posidyne® filter and samples were taken at 5 mL, 10 mL and 20 mL. The samples were tested before and after Posidyne® filtration for the presence of beta-glucan and sucrose. For use in GMP manufacture of the IgE mAb, the filter was scaled up to the Posidyne® Kleenpak capsule filter (0.2 µm, 750 cm 2 nominal effective filter area) (PALL, New York, US). Sucrose samples were taken pre-and post-filtration to confirm removal of beta-glucan.
Acrodisc
Manufactured by Pall Corporation
Sourced in United States
Acrodisc is a syringe filter product offered by Pall Corporation. It is designed to remove particulates and clarify liquid samples prior to analysis or further processing. The Acrodisc filter features a membrane with a specified pore size to retain unwanted particles while allowing the desired liquid to pass through.
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Lab products found in correlation
Vivaspin concentrator, by Sartorius (2 mentions)
Capillary zeta potential cell, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions)
Malvern zetasizer nano z, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions)
Lal pyrochrome test, by Associates of Cape Cod (2 mentions)
Spectramax abs, by Molecular Devices (2 mentions)
Trizol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
50 ml syringe, by BD (1 mentions)
Dnazol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Amicon ultra 4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (pmsf), by AppliChem (1 mentions)
Protein assay, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
Hplc system, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Minisart, by Sartorius (1 mentions)
Pvdf membrane, by Pall Corporation (1 mentions)
Uv 650 spectrophotometer, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)
Lps e coli serotype o55 b5, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ficoll, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Tla120 fixed angle rotor, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)
Miracloth membrane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
33 protocols using acrodisc
1
Posidyne® Filter for Beta-Glucan Removal
2
Extraction and Characterization of Canna speciosus Leaves
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The identification and authentication of the plant species were conducted by the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka. The leaves of C. speciosus were collected, washed with clean water, and then drained and desiccated for 3 d at 50 °C. The dried leaf material (260 g) was ground into a fine powder for efficient aqueous extraction [16 (link)] and subjected to hot water and methanol extraction. Boiling water (2 L) was used to extract 130 g of powder at 100 °C for 150 min, repeated thrice to prepare the hot water extract. The pH was adjusted to 7.4 pH and filtered through 0.45 μm filter units (Acrodisc; Pall Corporation, Washington, NY, USA). The filtered samples were freeze-dried and aliquots were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, adjusted pH of 7.4, and filtered through 0.2 μm filters for cell culture experiments. For methanol extraction, 80% methanol was added into leaf materials in an Erlenmeyer flask and soaked for three days at room temperature. Extraction of methanol dissolved substances was performed by evaporating the methanol extract. Both aqueous and methanol extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identification of the active compounds.
3
Wheat Straw and Seagrass Secretome Analysis
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For each culture condition (wheat straw or seagrass, with or without sea salt), the supernatants collected for three biological replicates as described in the previous section were centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C and were filtered in three steps on glass microfiber filters through 2.7, 1.6 and 0.7 μm (GF/D, A and F filters, respectively, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, WhatmanTM, ThermoFisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA) and then on 0.4 and 0.2 μm PES membranes (Acrodisc®, Pall Corporation, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France). Fifteen milliliters of each culture condition were concentrated three times using 10 kDa cut-off Vivaspin concentrators (Sartorius, Les Ulis, France) and then dialyzed against 50 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 5. The protein concentration in the obtained secretome samples was determined by the Bradford method [63 (link)] using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard.
4
Exosome Isolation and Haemocyte Purification
5
Filtered Mycelia Enzyme Extraction
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A 5 ml sample was taken from the medium at every 24 h, and the mycelia were removed by filtration using a 0.45 µm syringe filter (Acrodisc, Pall Corporation, East Hills, NY, USA). Three milliliters of filtrate was concentrated using Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filters (10 kDa molecular weight cutoff; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) at 3,000 ×g at 4 o C for 30 min, and the concentrated filter residue was dissolved in 500 µl of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.8) to obtain CEEs for the determination of their enzyme activities.
6
Baculovirus Isolation from Infected Larvae
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Baculovirus was isolated from infected larvae followed the method of Choi et al. [28 (link)]. Briefly, 25 infected L5 larvae of S. exigua were taken into a 50 ml tube containing 10 ml sterilized water and macerated using a sterilized pestle. The sample was then filtered through five layers of cheese cloth before being centrifuged at 4,000 ×g for 5 min. The supernatant was transferred to a new tube, filtered through a 0.22 μm filter (Acrodisc, Pall Corporation, USA), and used for subsequent bioassay. The Sf9 cell line (IPLB-Sf21-AE) was derived from Spodoptera frugiperda pupal ovarian tissue. Sf9 cells were infected with the filtrate at a ratio of 1 ml of filtrate in 5 ml of confluent culture. After 24 h of incubation at 28°C, the culture medium was replaced with fresh TC-100 cell culture medium (Welgene, Korea) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Welgene) and cultured for another 48 h. Then the media containing cells were centrifuged at 1,000 ×g for 3 min. The supernatant was collected into a 15 ml fresh tube and used for bioassay subsequently.
7
Preparation of Stable Uric Acid Solutions
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A 4 mM UA stock solution was prepared by dissolving UA powder in 4.06 mM NaOH and pH was adjusted to 8.5 to obtain long-term stable stock solution. The 4 mM UA stock solution was further diluted with 1.8% NaCl to produce 2 mM UA/0.9% NaCl stock solution. All solutions were filtered through a 0.2 µm syringe filter (Acrodisc, Pall corporation, NY, USA) before use. MSU crystals were prepared by addition of NaCl to 4 mM UA stock solution to 0.9%, followed by cooking at 100 °C for 6 h and allowing to precipitate at room temperature under sterile conditions for 5–7 days. The crystal formation was checked microscopically. The crystals were typically 5–25 µm long. LPS was reconstituted in 0.9% NaCl to 500 ng/ml working solution.
8
Serum-free Cell-conditioned Medium Collection
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Cell-conditioned medium (CCM) was collected after 24 or 48 h for western blotting or proteomics analysis, respectively, the latter processed as previously described [25 (link)]. In short, cultures were rinsed several times with pre-warmed DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and cultivated in serum-deprived DMEM for 48 h. Subsequently, the CCM was collected and supplemented with protease inhibitors ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; 5.0 mM), trans-epoxysuccinyl-l -leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E64; 0.01 mM), and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF; 1.0 mM) (all AppliChem GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), centrifuged and filtered (0.2 µm, Acrodisc, Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY, USA). Protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method (Bio-Rad Protein Assay, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA).
9
Electrocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals
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The electrocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted in a column glass cell with a 100-mL capacity where the catalyst and Pt foil acted as cathode and anode, respectively. First, 20 mg catalyst was mixed with 0.5 mL methanol and 10 μL Nafion solution and ultrasound for 30 min. Afterward, the mixed solution was dropped slowly onto the FTO glass and dried in a 60 °C oven. The average cathode working area is 6.0 cm2. The applied bias for the cathode is set at −1.0 V (vs. Hg/HgCl2). The O2 flow rate varies from a flow rate of 0.06, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 L/min, containing 0.1 mol·L−1 Na2SO4 and 2 ppm IBU as well as 2 ppm carbamazepine. The pH of the solution was adjusted to a particular value (i.e., 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 10.5) by 0.01 M H2SO4 and NaOH. Then, a 5-mL suspension was collected from the reaction cell at given time intervals. The extracted sample was filtered through a 0.22-μm PTFE syringe filter (Acrodisc, Pall Corporation) to remove the residual catalysts. The concentration of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) was measured using a HPLC system (Waters, USA).
10
Preparation of Cigarette Smoke Extracts
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Standard cigarette used in this study was provided from the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center (University of Kentucky, Lexington, NY). The cigarette extracts production method was described by Carp and Janoff with some modification [ref 14]. The cigarette smoke extracts (10%) were produced by bubbling cigarette smoke with one cigarette/minute in 10 ml of culture media as described previously [29 (link), 30 (link)]. The extraction pH was adjusted to pH 7.4 and filtered with 0.45-μm filter (25 mm Acrodisc; Pall Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI). The cigarette smoke extracts were normalized with OD 0.74 ± 0.05 at 320 nm wavelength. The absorbance pattern at λ320 showed little variation between the batches. The extracts were prepared freshly for experiments and diluted with culture media immediately before use. Vehicle control medium was prepared with 10 ml of culture media bubbling air, adjusting the pH to 7.4, and filtered in 0.45-μm filter.
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