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26 protocols using ldl c

1

Tilapia Metabolic Regulation Study

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Tilapias were purchased from Hainan Xiangtai Fishery Co., LTD (Hainan, China) and stored at −20 °C. High-fat feed was purchased from Hunan Slac Jingda Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (Changsha, China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for insulin (INS), adiponectin (ADPN), leptin (LEP), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and free fatty acids (FFAs) were acquired from Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology Inc. (Shanghai, China). Commercial kits for aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Antibodies against SREBP-1c were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (CA, USA). Antibodies against AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Mouse anti-β-actin antibody and goat anti-mouse lgG-HRP secondary antibody were obtained from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, UK). All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.
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2

Serum Biomarker Measurement in Mice

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Serum indices in mice were measured using the following ELISA kits: 25(OH)D (Immunodiagnosticsystems, Boldon, UK, AC-57SF1), parathyroid hormone (PTH, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, H207), and insulin (INS, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, H203-1-2). Kits used to measure other serum indices were as follows: calcium (Ca, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, C004-2-1), phosphorus (P, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, C006-1-1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, A113-1-1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, A112-1-1), total cholesterol (TC, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, A111-1-1), and triacylglycerol (TG, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China, A110-1-1).
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3

Plasma Lipid and Liver Enzyme Analysis

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Mice were sacrificed by CO2 inhalation, and plasma was collected to detect total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG; Stanbio Laboratory, Boerne, TX, USA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) levels by corresponding commercial test kits. Subsequently, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed colorimetrically utilizing assay test kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China).
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4

Mouse Blood Lipid Profile Analysis

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Mouse peripheral blood was collected and left to stand at 4°C for 4 h. The blood wasthen centrifuged at 10,000r/min for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was collected. TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) in serum were detected with a kit according to the manufacturer'sdirections.
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5

Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Evaluation

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The total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and coomassie bright blue (CBB) kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China); rabbit anti-PPARγ (proliferator-activated receptor γ) and rabbit anti-APOE (peroxisome apolipoprotein E) antibodies were products of Bioss Antibodies (Beijing, China); GAPDH antibodies, radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysate buffer, bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein quantitative kit, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) preparation kit were purchased from Multi Sciences (Hangzhou, China); RNA TRIzol Reagent was purchased from Servicebio Company (Wuhan, China); the RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit was purchased from Thermo Fisher (MO, USA); and the all other chemicals used in this study were of analytical reagent grade.
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6

Serum Lipid Profile Analysis

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The serum samples were collected from the fresh whole blood at room temperature for 1 h, then centrifuged at 2000 g for 15 min and stored at −70°C until further analysis. Blood physiological indexes of serum samples, including the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (Jiancheng, Corp., Nanjing, China) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (Jiancheng), total cholesterol (TC) (Jiancheng), and triglyceride (TG) (Jiancheng), were determined using a blood analyzer (Hitachi 7100), while the very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) could instead be determined by the cholesterol contained in the VLDL and was indirectly determined by the Friedewald formula:VLDL-c = TC-HDL-c-LDL-c (Friedewald et al., 1972 (link); Delong et al., 1986 (link)).
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7

Orlistat and Lipid Biomarkers Analysis

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OA (HPLC 98 % ) was supplied from Yuanye (Shanghai, China) and dissolved by 2 % Tween 80 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS pH:7.2-7.4). Orlistat capsules were purchased from Aili (Chongqing, China). The kits of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, AST, GSH, and MDA were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP-1) was supplied from Meimian (Yancheng, Jiangsu, China). The primary antibodies of SREBP-1, TGR5, UCP-1, and β -actin were purchased from Abclonal (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Meanwhile, Abcam (Cambridge, UK) provides the secondary antibodies and PPAR γ antibody.
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8

Liver Tissue Biochemical Profiling

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High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), free fatty acid (FFA), and asparagus transaminase (AST) detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Bioengineering Co., Ltd. 10% tissue homogenate was prepared from liver tissue with normal saline, and the above-mentioned biochemical indicators of liver tissues homogenate and serum were measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

Serum Lipid and LPS Profiling

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Blood was collected from the femoral artery in centrifuge tubes. After 2 h at room temperature, the blood was centrifuged at 2 °C – 8 °C for 15 min at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was removed and frozen at −80 °C. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for the determination of total cholesterol (TC; Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, CHN; A111-1-1), triglyceride (TG; Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, CHN; A110-1-1), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C; Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, CHN; A112-1-1), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C; Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, CHN; A113-1-1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, CHN; SU-B31044) in serum. The procedure followed was as follows: the sample was added, followed by enzyme conjugates; then, the chromogenic substrate was added, and the reaction was stopped. The optical density was measured at 510 nm on an enzyme labeling instrument (Perlong; Beijing, CHN; DNM9602G) [41 (link)].
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10

Biochemical Marker Quantification Protocol

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The concentrations of total cholesterol (T-CHO; code No. A111-2-1), triglyceride (TG; code No. A110-2-1), creatinine (Cr; code No. C011-1-1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; code No. A113-1-1), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; code No. A112-1-1) were determined using commercial kits purchased from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). All procedures were strictly completed in accordance with reagent instructions.
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