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11 protocols using iq real time pcr detection system

1

Total RNA Isolation and qRT-PCR

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Total RNA was isolated using the RNeasy kit (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, then reverse-transcribed using the iScript cDNA synthesis kit (BioRad). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed with an iQreal-time PCR detection system (BioRad) using iQ SYBR Green Supermix (BioRad).
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2

Quantifying Gαq Gene Expression

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Total RNA was extracted from dissected forebrain neocortical tissue using guanidine/cesium chloride ultracentrifugation. First-strand cDNA was synthesized using Murine Moloney Leukemia Virus reverse transcriptase (USB, Cleveland, OH) in conjunction with oligo dT15 primers. Real time PCR was performed using the iQ Real Time PCR detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and SYBR Green (Bio-Rad). Gαq cDNA was amplified using the primers 5′-ACTCTGGAGTCCATCATG3′/TGTATGGGATCTTGAGCG-3′. Cycle thresholds (Ct) of amplification (normalized to β-actin whose Ct values did not differ between groups) were expressed as 1/2ΔCt values so that higher numbers reflect higher expression.
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3

Quantifying mRNA Expression in iPSC and Exosomes

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Total RNA was extracted from cultured iPSCs or exosomes using TRIzol Reagent. RNA concentrations and purities were determined using a Nanodrop instrument at wavelengths of 260/280 nm. cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg of total RNA using superscript III (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The cDNA was diluted with DNase-free water to a concentration of 10 ng/μl. Real time PCR was performed in a Bio-Rad iQ Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) using the IQ SYBR Green SuperMix with the following thermal cycles: initial denaturation 95 °C for 5 min, 40 cycles of 20 s at 95 °C, 45 s at 57 °C, and 30 s at 72 °C. Analyses of mRNA levels of target genes were normalized to GAPDH as the internal control and expressed relative to the quantity of the control group. The primers are shown in supplemental table of key resources (Supplementary Table 2).
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4

Neocortical Gene Expression Analysis

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One hour after completion of either the ASST or the WM test, forebrain
neocortical tissue was dissected from male and female mice using the
mesodiencephalic junction as the anatomic landmark for the caudal border of the
forebrain. ASST-tested mice were 66 days old (see Fig. 1C), and their non-tested controls were matched for age and
sex. The age of WM-tested mice and their non-tested controls (also derived from
at least 4 different litters per group) ranged from P81 to P84 (see Fig. 1C). Total RNA was extracted using
guanidine/cesium chloride ultracentrifugation. First-strand cDNA was synthesized
using Murine Moloney Leukemia Virus reverse transcriptase (USB, Cleveland, OH)
in conjunction with oligo dT15 primers. Real time PCR was performed
using the iQ Real Time PCR detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and SYBR
Green (Bio-Rad). Bdnf mRNA was amplified using the primers targeting Bdnf
transcript variant III reported by Tsankova et
al. (2006)
. Egr2 mRNA was amplified using the primer pair
5’-ATGAACGGAGTGGCGGGA-3’/5’-
AGTAGAGGTGGTCCAGTT-3’, and c-Fos mRNA was amplified using the primer
pair 5’-
ATGATGTTCTCGGGTTTGAA-3’/5’CACCGTGGGGATAAAGTTGG-3’. Cycle
thresholds (Ct) of amplification (normalized to those obtain for
β-actin) were expressed as 1/2ΔCt values so that
higher numbers reflect higher expression.
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5

Quantitative RT-qPCR Analysis of Brain BDNF

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RNA (10 μg), extracted via guanidine/cesium chloride ultracentrifugation from dissected forebrain neocortex of male and female mice, was reverse transcribed as previously described14 (link). cDNA was amplified using the iQ Real-Time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and CYBR Green (Bio-Rad) using the Bdnf transcript variants 1 to 3 primer sequences published by Tsankova et al32 (link). Cycle thresholds (Ct) of amplifications (normalized using Ct values obtained for amplification of β-actin) were expressed as 1/2ΔCt.
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6

Quantifying Tumor Immune Cell Profiles

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Tregs and monocytes were harvested from Ly2 tumors using isolation kits (Stemcell Technologies). Monocytes were treated with IL-4 (25 ng/ml) to allow differentiation into M2 macrophages (29 (link),30 ). Total RNA was collected from Tregs and macrophages using RNeasy mini prep kits (Qiagen). cDNA was prepared as described earlier (28 (link)). Aliquots (2 μL) of a 1:2 dilution of the reverse transcription reactions were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR with the following primers using a iQ real time-PCR detection system (BioRad). GAPDH mRNA levels were analyzed as a housekeeping gene for normalization purposes. Similar RNA extraction and qPCR protocol was used to detect mRNA levels of EPHB4 and EFNB2 in Ly2 tumors in the absence and presence of 10 Gy dose of RT.
GAPDH: Forward primer: 5’CGTGGAGTCTACTGGCGTCTT3’
Reverse primer: 5’CGGAGATGATGACCCTTTTGG3’
EPHB4: Forward primers: 5’GGATCGCATTCAGCCAAAGT3’
5’GGCACCTGGTTCCACTATCT3’
Reverse primers: 5’ACTGTCTAAGGCTGTGGCAT3’
5’CCATTTCAGATCCGCCGTTT3’
EFNB2: Forward primer: 5’TAAAGACCAAGCAGACAGATGCAC3’
Reverse primer: 5’GTGATGATGATGACGATGAAGATG3’
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7

Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis

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Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was carried out as described above. Relative transcripts levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), using iQ SYBR Green supermix (Bio-Rad), and forward and reverse primers (final concentration: 100nM/qPCR) in a 20 μl final volume (see Table S3 for primer sequences). The qPCR experiments were conducted with the same quantity of embryo equivalent input for all treatments and each sample was run in duplicate using 2 μl of cDNA per reaction. All the samples were analyzed using an iCycler and iQ Real Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad). For each standard curve, one reference DNA sample was diluted serially. RNA expression was normalized in relation to the expression of BgActin-5C.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Gene Expression

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Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was carried out as described above. Relative transcripts levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), using iQ SYBR Green supermix (Bio-Rad), in a 20 μl final volume (see Supplementary Table S2 for primer sequences). The qPCR experiments were conducted with the same quantity of organ equivalent input for all treatments and each sample was run in duplicate using 2 μl of cDNA per reaction. All the samples were analyzed using an iCycler and iQ Real Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad). For each standard curve, one reference DNA sample was diluted serially.
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9

Quantifying Gene Expression Changes via qPCR

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qPCR was used to quantify changes in gene expression. Briefly, cDNA was prepared from 2 μg RNA with 200 units of MMLV reverse transcriptase, 10mM dNTP mixture and 0.5 mg random hexamers (Promega corporation, Madison WI USA). Changes in gene expression were determined using previously published primers for CYPs [43 (link), 44 (link)] and key genes related to energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism (Suppl. File 2). Samples were diluted 1:5 and amplified in triplicates using a 96-well plate IQ™ Real-Time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad) with 0.25X RT2 SybrGreen (Qiagen Frederick, MD USA) to quantify gene expression compared to a reference gene as previously described using Muller’s equation to determine changes in gene expression [45 (link)]. PCR efficiency was determined based on a standard curve prepared using a sample mixture containing all the cDNA samples diluted at 1:1, 1:5, 1:25, 1:125, 1:625 and 1:3125 dilutions [46 (link)].
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10

Teratoma Formation Assay for iPSCs

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Total RNA was extracted from cultured iPSCs using TRIzol Reagent (Thermo Fisher). cDNA was synthesized from 1 µg of total RNA with SuperScript III (Thermo Fisher), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The cDNA was diluted to 10 ng/μL with DNase-free water. qPCRs were carried out in a Bio-Rad iQ Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) using the IQ SYBR Green SuperMix. mRNA levels of target genes were normalized to that of GAPDH as the internal control and were expressed relative to the quantity of the control group.
iPSCs were cultured in complete EC growth medium (ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA) in the absence of feeder cells and then subcultured once on day 4. On day 6, the cells were mixed with Matrigel and injected subcutaneously (1×106 cells/site) to observe their capability to form teratomas.
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