Page ruler plus prestained protein ladders

Ten carat yellow gold plates were purchased from Hoover and Strong, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Trace metal grade nitric acid was purchased from Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, USA. Lyophilized powder of Concanavalin A from Canavalia ensiformis (Jack Bean) of ≥95.0% purity, albumin from chicken egg white (ovalbumin) of ≥98% purity and bovine serum albumin (BSA) of ≥98% purity. HPLC grade ethanol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂•2H₂O), manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂•4H₂O), α-methyl mannopyranoside, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), glycine and HPLC grade methanol were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Pre-mixed Laemmli sample buffer, 2-mercaptoethanol, trace metal grade acetic acid, and Page Ruler Plus prestained protein ladders were all purchased from Thermo Scientific, Illinois, USA. One hundred percent ethanol was purchased from Decon Laboratories, Inc., Pennsylvania, USA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250 were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Richmond, California, USA. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ.cm at 25 °C) was prepared using a Simplicity UV system from Millipore Corporation, Boston, USA. All chemicals, reagents and proteins were used as received.