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Yeast nitrogen base

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Yeast nitrogen base is a complex medium used for the cultivation of yeasts and other microorganisms. It provides the necessary nitrogen sources, vitamins, and other essential nutrients required for optimal growth and reproduction of these organisms in a controlled laboratory setting.

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14 protocols using yeast nitrogen base

1

CD81 Expression in Pichia pastoris

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Pichia pastoris wild type strain X-33 (Invitrogen) was electroporated to integrate the hCD81 expression plasmid comprising pPICZB encoding C-terminus His6 tagged CD81 [20 (link)]. SMA 2000 co-polymer (2:1 Cray Valley) and SZ25010 co-polymer (3:1 Polyscope) were obtained as styrene maleic anhydride and hydrolysed to styrene maleic acid forms as described previously [21 (link)]. Detergent n-dodecyl-B-D-maltoside (DDM), biotin, zeocin, yeast extract, peptone, yeast nitrogen base and agar antibiotic were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific. Ni2+-NTA resin for IMAC purification was purchased from Qiagen and Bio-Rad Econo-column empty chromatography column was used. Mini EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablets from Roche Applied Science. Anti-mouse HRP-conjugated secondary antibody was purchased from Cell Signalling Technology. Ammonium formate was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Methanol, chloroform and ultra pure water, all LC-MS grade, were purchased from Fisher, UK. Anti-CD81 antibodies 2s131, 1s337 and 1s135 were generated as described previously [22 (link)] and hybridoma supernatants were used for all ELISA experiments.
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2

Candida albicans Growth and Morphogenesis

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Growth of C. albicans strains was examined by spotting a 10-fold cell dilution onto agar medium containing Yeast Nitrogen Base minimal medium and 50 mM of GlcNAc, glucose, or galactose (ThermoFisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA). Plates were incubated at 30°C for 2 days and then photographed. Induction of hyphal morphogenesis was examined by growing cells overnight at 37°C in minimal medium containing glucose, then resuspending them at 106 cells/ml in medium containing either 50 mM glucose or 50 mM GlcNAc and incubation for 2 h before documentation. The results were reproducible with different colonies and isolates obtained from two independent transformations.
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3

SARS-CoV-2 Furin Cleavage Site Assay

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Yeast extract, malt extract, peptone, glucose, microbiological agar, Hepes, Triton X-100, CaCl2, and 2-mercaptoethanol were obtained from Merck (Johannesburg, GP, South Africa). Yeast nitrogen base (YNB) and PierceTM Colorimetric Protease Assay Kit were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Johannesburg, GP, South Africa); 50 mL centrifuge tubes and 2 mL plastic tubes were obtained from Lasec (Johannesburg, GP, South Africa), as well as a haemocytometer (Marienfeld, BW, Germany). Black, sterile disposable 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates were obtained from Greiner Bio-One (Frickenhausen, BW, Germany). Recombinant furin was acquired from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA). The mimetic peptide ASYQTQTNSPRRARSVASQS (corresponding to the amino acid sequence of SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2) containing the 7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl acetyl/2,4-dinitrophenyl (MCA/DNP) FRET pair was synthesised by Biomatik (Wilmington, DE, USA). VICTOR Nivo multimode microplate reader was purchased from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA).
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4

Acetate Production Assay in C. neoformans

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To analyze acetate production by C. neoformans, an ALDH activity assay was performed (Ammar, 2019 ). Fresh H99 strains cultured overnight in yeast extract peptone dextrose medium were expanded to 5 mL of yeast nitrogen base (Thermo Fisher Scientific) medium with 2% glucose at a concentration of 1 × 104 CFU/mL. The control and DSF (2 μg/mL) groups were incubated at 30°C for 48 h. The final concentration of each fungal solution was adjusted to the same level (OD600 = 0.65) at the time of measurement and was centrifuged at 10,000 × g (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Once all supernatants were collected, the concentration of acetic acid, a metabolite catalyzed by ALDH (Pronk et al., 1996 (link)), was measured using an ACETIC ACID Kit (K-ACET, Megazyme, Ireland).
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5

Yeast Cytotoxicity Assay Protocol

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Yeast nitrogen base, yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); doxorubicin-HCl (2 mg/mL) and cisplatin (1 mg/mL) were obtained from Bedford Laboratories (Eatontown, NJ, USA); and menadione sodium bisulfite was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Working solution concentrations were as follows: doxorubicin (20 μmol/L), cisplatin (80 μmol/L), menadione (6.6 mmol/L), and etoposide (1 mmol/L), prepared under sterile conditions. The concentrations of the drugs used were selected to only marginally affect the wild-type (WT) strain, but be very toxic to the control strains. Drugs were aliquoted and stored at −20°C.
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6

Yeast-Based Cytotoxicity Assay Protocol

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Yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ); yeast nitrogen base was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA); doxorubicin-HCl (2 mg/mL) was obtained from Bedford Laboratories; formaldehyde (34.5%) was obtained from Amresco (Solon, OH); yeast media were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo). Menadione (Vitamin K3) was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY); etoposide was purchased from Chem-Impex Int'l. Inc. (Wood Dale, IL). Working solution concentrations were prepared as follows: doxorubicin (20 μM) and formaldehyde (2 mM) were prepared in UltraPure sterile water, aliquoted, and stored at −20°C. Menadione (6.6 mM) and etoposide (0.5 mM) were prepared in appropriate solvent just before use.
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7

Yeast Amino Acid Uptake Assay

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The yeast strain 22Δ10α [21 (link)] was transformed with pDR196-Ws vector [44 (link)] carrying ClAAP3, ClAAAP6, or pDR196 vector [47 (link)], the non-Gateway version of pDR196-Ws as the control. The yeast cells were grown in liquid synthetic defined (SD) medium (1.7 g/L Yeast Nitrogen Base without nitrogen (Gibco, USA), 2 % glucose, 5 g/L NH4SO4, (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) until they reached OD600 > 1, harvested by centrifuging, washed twice with sterile water, and diluted to OD600 = 1 in water. The cell suspensions were further diluted tenfold thrice to make the serial dilutions, then 5 μL of each dilution was spotted on the SD agar medium containing either amino acids or NH4SO4 as the sole nitrogen source. Yeast uptake assays were performed as previously described [25 (link)]. Competition assays were performed by incubating the yeast cells in 1 mM of 3[H] labeled amino acids (final specific activity of 252 kBq µmol−1) and 5 mM of competing, unlabeled amino acids.
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8

Yeast Expression Optimization Protocol

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EBY100 yeast (ATCC) were cultured at 30°C with shaking in YPD media (Sigma) and selected in media containing glucose and casamino acids (SDCAA): 1L deionize water with 20g dextrose (Sigma), 6.7g yeast nitrogen base (RPI), 5g Bacto casamino acids (Gibco), 10.4g sodium citrate (Sigma), and 6.4g citric acid monohydrate (Sigma), pH 4.5. Expression was induced at 20°C with shaking in galactose containing media (SGCAA) which resembles SDCAA but includes 20g galactose (Sigma) instead of glucose.
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9

Yeast Expression in Galactose Media

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EBY100 yeast (ATCC) were cultured at 30°C with shaking in YPD media (Sigma) and selected in media containing glucose and casamino acids (SDCAA): 1 L deionize water with 20 g dextrose (Sigma), 6.7 g yeast nitrogen base (RPI), 5 g Bacto casamino acids (GIBCO), 10.4 g sodium citrate (Sigma), and 6.4 g citric acid monohydrate (Sigma), pH 4.5. Expression was induced at 20°C with shaking in galactose containing media (SGCAA) which resembles SDCAA but includes 20 g galactose (Sigma) instead of glucose.
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10

Lipidomic Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol

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Biological
grade materials, solvents, reagents,
and media components were purchased from commercial suppliers and
used as provided. l-α-Phosphatidylinositol (bovine
liver PI; predominant species 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1-myo-inositol sodium salt) was from Avanti Polar
Lipids. NBD-C6-ceramide and BODIPY FL C5-ceramide
complexed to BSA were from Invitrogen. AG 4-X4 ion-exchange resin
was obtained from Bio-Rad. Yeast nitrogen base was from Invitrogen.
Protease inhibitor, Complete EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail
Tablets were from Roche Applied Science. Amino acids drop-out packages
were from Clontech. Acid-washed glass beads (212–300 μm)
were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Clemastine fumarate, amphotericin
B, and compounds 216 were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and used as supplied. Glucantime solution (meglumine
antimoniate, 300 mg mL–1) was a gift from Sanofi
Aventis. The protein assay kit was from BioRad using Coomassie Brilliant
Blue G-250.
Reactions and media were prepared using high purity
distilled, deionized water. All other solvents used were of the highest
purity available commercially. The solutions of the test compounds
were made up in DMSO, unless otherwise stated.
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