S sobrinus

Manufactured by American Type Culture Collection

Sourced in United States

S. sobrinus is a bacterial strain maintained by the American Type Culture Collection. It is a gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity. The strain is available for research and educational purposes.

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7 protocols using s sobrinus

Bacterial Strains from ATCC Repository

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The bacteria used in this study were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC): Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 25975), S. mitis (ATCC 49456), S. sanguinis (ATCC 10556), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. sobrinus (ATCC 33478), Lactobacillus paracasei (ATCC 11578), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4082). All the bacteria were kept in the Laboratory of Antimicrobial Assays (LEA) of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil at −20 °C, in 80% glycerol solution.

Royo V.D., de Oliveira D.A., Veloso P.H., Sacramento V.D., Olimpio E.L., de Souza L.F., Pires N.D., Martins C.H., Santiago M.B., Alves T.M., Acácio T.M., Junior A.F., Brandão M.M, & Menezes E.V. (2022). Physicochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Honeys Produced in Minas Gerais (Brazil). Antibiotics, 11(10), 1429.

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Diverse Bacterial Strains for Research

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All bacteria strains were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, USA), including A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa; ATCC 29523), P. gingivalis (Pg; ATCC 33277), E. faecalis (Ef; ATCC 29212), F. nucleatum (Fn; ATCC 25586), S. mutans (Sm; ATCC 35668), S. sobrinus (Ss; ATCC 33478), P. aeruginosa (Pa; ATCC 27853) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; ATCC 33592). Unless otherwise specified, all strains were maintained on blood agar plates (39 g/L Columbia agar base from Difco, 5% Defibrinated Horse Blood from Hemostat and 1% hemin and vitamin K₁ solution) anaerobically (Aa, Pg and Fn)/aerobically (Ef, Sm, Ss, Pa and MRSA) at 37 °C according to the guideline. Except for Pg and Fn, which they were cultured in supplemented TSB, others were incubated in BHI broth medium. The bacteria at late log phase were diluted to the concentration with OD₆₆₀ value of 0.1 and performed for the following biological assays.

Huang R., Zhou Z., Lan X., Tang F.K., Cheng T., Sun H., Cham-Fai Leung K., Li X, & Jin L. (2022). Rapid synthesis of bismuth-organic frameworks as selective antimicrobial materials against microbial biofilms. Materials Today Bio, 18, 100507.

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Evaluation of Cariogenic Bacterial Strains

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The strains used in the study came from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The cariogenic strains used were Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), S. mitis (ATCC 49456), S. sanguinis (ATCC 10556), S. sobrinus (ATCC 33478), Lactobacillus paracasei (ATCC 11578), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4082), and S. salivarius (ATCC 25975). For all assays performed the bacteria were incubated in Brain Heart Infusion agar (BHI), added with defibrinated sheep blood (5%) in a microaerophilia incubator for 24 h at 37 °C with 10% CO₂, except for E. faecalis and S. salivarius which were incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 24 h.

Santiago M.B., dos Santos V.C., Teixeira S.C., Silva N.B., de Oliveira P.F., Ozelin S.D., Furtado R.A., Tavares D.C., Ambrósio S.R., Veneziani R.C., Ferro E.A., Bastos J.K, & Martins C.H. (2023). Polyalthic Acid from Copaifera lucens Demonstrates Anticariogenic and Antiparasitic Properties for Safe Use. Pharmaceuticals, 16(10), 1357.

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Antibacterial Potential of Resin Compounds

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Authentic P. elliottii (batch number 21811-09) and P. tropicalis (batch number 20511-09) resin samples were obtained from the Brazilian Association of Resinators (ARESB), located in the city of Avaré – SP, Brazil. DHA was isolated from the P. elliottii resin and was obtained by the method previously described by Leandro et al. (2014) (link) (Supplementary Figures S1, S2).
The following bacteria from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) collection were used to conduct the antibacterial assays: S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. mitis (ATCC 49456), S. sanguinis (ATCC 10556), S. sobrinus (ATCC 33478), S. salivarius (ATCC 25975), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 11578), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4082). These microorganisms were maintained in a freezer at −80°C in 20% glycerol solution in the Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Research (LaPeMA) – University of Franca (Unifran).

da Silva K.R., Damasceno J.L., Inácio M.D., Abrão F., Ferreira N.H., Tavares D.C., Ambrosio S.R., Veneziani R.C, & Martins C.H. (2019). Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Pinus tropicalis and Pinus elliottii Resins and of the Diterpene Dehydroabietic Acid Against Bacteria That Cause Dental Caries. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 987.

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Evaluating Streptococcus Species Specificity

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Standard strains were used for evaluating species specificity of the PCR amplifications and as controls in the bile solubility test. These strains were S. oralis ATCC 35037, S. parasanguinis ATCC 15912, S. gordonii ATCC 33399, S. mitis ATCC 49456, S. constellatus ATCC 27823, S. mutans ATCC 25175, S. sanguinis ATCC 10556, S. intermedius ATCC 27335, S. sobrinus ATCC 33478, S. anginosus ATCC 33397, S. vestibularis ATCC 49124, S. salivarius ATCC 25975, S. cristatus ATCC 51100, S. infantis ATCC 700779, S. pseudopneumoniae ATCC BAA-960, and S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813.

Banas J.A., Zhu M., Dawson D.V., Cao H, & Levy S.M. (2016). PCR-Based Identification of Oral Streptococcal Species. International Journal of Dentistry, 2016, 3465163.

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Oral Microbiome Strain Collection

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The following strains commonly present in the oral microbiome (Aas et al., 2005 (link); Maddi and Scannapieco, 2013 (link); Loozen et al., 2014 (link)) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC): A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43718), F. nucleatum (ATCC 10953), P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277), P. intermedia (ATCC 25611), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. sobrinus (ATCC 33478), T. forsythia (ATCC 43037), Actinomyces naeslundii (ATCC 51655), Capnocytophaga sputigena (ATCC 33612), Streptococcus gordonii (ATCC 49818), Actinomyces viscosus (ATCC 15987), and S. mitis (ATCC 49456). Veillonella parvula was obtained from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM 2007); S. sanguinis was acquired from the BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection (LMG 14657). S. salivarius strain TOVE-R (Tanzer et al., 1985 (link)) was utilized. Bacterial strains were classified as either commensal (indigenous), potentially health-associated or disease-associated, as indicated in Table 1.

Hernandez-Sanabria E., Slomka V., Herrero E.R., Kerckhof F.M., Zaidel L., Teughels W, & Boon N. (2017). In vitro Increased Respiratory Activity of Selected Oral Bacteria May Explain Competitive and Collaborative Interactions in the Oral Microbiome. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 7, 235.

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Evaluation of Probiotic Bacterial Strains

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The bacterial species evaluated in this study were B. animalis (from ACTIVIA ® ), B. longum, (ATCC 15707), B. lactis (LMG 18905), and B. dentium (ATCC 27678); L. acidophilus (ATCC 4356), L. casei (ATCC 393); S. mutans (ATCC 25175 and 3VF2), and S. sobrinus (ATCC 27607). All ATCC strains were obtained from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), and the André Tosello Foundation (Campinas, SP, Brazil). S. mutans 3VF2 is a highly acidogenic clinical strain that was previously characterized and also provided by Dr. Renata de Oliveira Mattos-Graner (FOP-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil). 9 B. animalis was isolated from ACTIVIA ® yogurt. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus species were isolated from the following media: transgalactosylated oligosaccharides propionate agar supplemented with lithium mupirocin (50 mg/L) (TOS-MUP agar; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), Rogosa Agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, USA) and Mitis Salivarius Agar (MSA, Difco), respectively. 7 (link) All bacteria were grown at 37 o C for 48 h in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Santos V.R.D., Valdez R.M.A., Danelon M., Souza J.A.S., Caiaffa K.S., Delbem A.C.B, & Duque C. (2021). Effect of S. mutans combinations with bifidobacteria/lactobacilli on biofilm and enamel demineralization. Brazilian oral research, 35.

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