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4 protocols using s bay k8644

1

Pharmacological Characterization of Bioactive Compounds

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The chemicals used were: d-limonene (DL: purity: 97%), and S-(−)-Bay K8644, both purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Chemical CO, USA), and ketamine and xylazine (purchased from Sespo, São Paulo, Brazil). The DL stock solution was prepared using a saline/cremophor mixture (0.15% v/v), the S-(−)-Bay K8644 was diluted in methanol and the DL solution in distilled water. Stock solutions were preserved at 0ºC and diluted with distilled water, if necessary. The vehicles (methanol or saline+cremophor) revealed no effect on the control preparations.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Signaling Modulators

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([(3S)‐6‐({2′,6′‐dimethyl‐4′‐[3‐(methylsulfonyl)propoxy]biphenyl‐3‐yl}methoxy)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐yl]acetic acid hemihydrate) was synthesized at Takeda Pharmaceutical Company (Osaka, Japan). Diazoxide, KCl, and glimepiride were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Sterile D‐(+)‐glucose solution (45% in water), γ‐linolenic acid (γ‐LA), and (S)‐(‐)‐Bay K8644 were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). D‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐trisphosphate hexakisacetoxymethyl ester, 2,4,6‐tri‐O‐butyryl (Bt3IP3), a cell‐permeable derivative of D‐myo‐inositol 1,3,5‐trisphosphate, was purchased from Merck Millipore (Tokyo, Japan). A cell‐permeable analog of DAG, 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycerol (OAG), was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Nifedipine was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Tokyo, Japan). Krebs‐Ringer‐bicarbonate‐HEPES (KRBH) buffer (116 mmol/L NaCl, 4.7 mmol/L KCl, 1.17 mmol/L KH2PO4, 1.17 mmol/L MgSO4, 25 mmol/L NaHCO3, 2.52 mmol/L CaCl2, and 24 mmol/L HEPES (pH 7.4)) containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) was freshly prepared before each experiment. Fura‐2 acetoxymethyl ester was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan).
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3

Pharmacological Evaluation of Compound Mixture

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Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), glucose, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were purchased from Vetec Química Fina Ltda. (Brazil). Atropine (99%), (S-(−)-Bay K8644), chloride verapamil, pyrilamine, carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh), Cremophor®, and histamine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). Carboxymethylcellulose was obtained from Formula (Brazil). Castor oil was obtained from Farmax (Brazil). Loperamide (99%) was obtained from Janssen Cilag Farmacêutica Ltd. (Brazil) and activated charcoal was obtained from Proquímicos (Brazil). All substances were diluted in distilled water, and the extract was solubilized in Cremophor® (3%), whose concentration never exceeded 0.01% (v/v). At this concentration, this chemical is devoid of contractile or relaxant effects on the studied organ, according to previous obtained data (data not shown).
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4

Compound Separation and Characterization

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RediSep® Rf Reversed-phase C18 was used for low-pressure CC and silica gel 60 RP18 F254 (E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for TLC on glass (Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), adenosine 5′-diphosphate sodium salt (ADP), and Sephadex® LH-20 were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1D (1H, 13C) and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) spectra were obtained using a Bruker Ascend 600 (600 MHz for 1H and 150 MHz for 13C) in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3; Sigma-Aldrich). All solvents used were of HPLC grade quality and obtained commercially from Sigma-Aldrich. The following drugs used for vascular reactivity experiments were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: D-glucose, KCl, CaCl2, (S)-(−)-BAY-K-8644, ACh, and PE. Reversed-phase C18 was used for low-pressure column chromatography and silica gel 60 RP18 F254 (Merck) for TLC on glass (Merck). TLC plates were sprayed with a saturated solution of ceric sulfate in 65% sulfuric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) and heated to 120 °C.
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