γ linolenic acid

Escherichia coli MG1655, purchased from ATCC, was used for all experiments. Overnight cultures grown in Luria broth were pelleted, washed with PBS, and transferred to M9 minimal medium [0.4% glucose supplemented with 150 mM NaCl] for initiation of most experiments. All experiments were performed at 37 °C. Fatty acids used in this study were purchased from Cayman Chemicals [linoleic acid (18:2), α-linolenic acid (18:3α), γ-linolenic acid (18:3γ), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6)].

Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883 was used in this study. CM9 and G56 minimal media (0.4% Glucose, 0.4% casamino acids (Fisher BioReagents), supplemented with 150 mmol/L NaCl) were used for growth of bacteria in experiments, except for sole carbon source experiments which were performed in M9 minimal media lacking glucose. All experiments were performed at 37°C. Fatty acids used in this study were purchased from Cayman Chemicals [linoleic acid (18:2), α‐linolenic acid (18:3α), γ‐linolenic acid (18:3γ), dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (20:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6)] and administered at a concentration of 300 μmol/L for each experiment, except for sole carbon source where they were administered at 1 mmol/L.