Folin cioc lteu phenol reagent

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

The Folin–Ciocâlteu phenol reagent is a laboratory solution used for the colorimetric determination of phenolic and other oxidizing compounds. It is a mixture of phosphomolybdic and phosphotungstic acid complexes.

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5 protocols using folin cioc lteu phenol reagent

Phytochemical Characterization of Olive Derivatives

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For this work, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, syringic acid, verbascoside and luteonin-7-O-glucoside were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Deisenhofer, Germany). Tyrosol was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland) and hydroxytyrosol was obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon Nord, Geney, France). Gallic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, anthrone, glucose, Folin–Ciocâlteu phenol reagent, vanillic acid, oleocanthal, oleacein and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Sodium bicarbonate (Na₂CO₃), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), hexane and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) were purchased from Panreac Quimica S.A. (Barcelona, Spain).

Fernández-Prior Á., Cardoso J.C., Bermúdez-Oria A., Reyes Á.T., Fernández-Bolaños J, & Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G. (2023). Application of a Cold-Pressing Treatment to Improve Virgin Olive Oil Production and the Antioxidant Phenolic Profile of Its by-Products. Antioxidants, 12(6), 1162.

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Djulis Antioxidant Extraction Protocol

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Domestic djulis was purchased from Pingtung, Taiwan. Lactobacilli MRS Broth was provided by Hardy diagnostics (Santa Maria, CA, USA). We purchased 95% Ethanol and methanol from Echo Chemical, Co., Ltd. (Taipei, Taiwan), and 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), gallic acid, Folin–Ciocâlteu phenol reagent, and α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Agar and peptone were provided by Bioshop Inc. (Burlington, ON, Canada).

Kuo H.C., Kwong H.K., Chen H.Y., Hsu H.Y., Yu S.H., Hsieh C.W., Lin H.W., Chu Y.L, & Cheng K.C. (2021). Enhanced antioxidant activity of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. by lactic acid bacteria: Optimization of fermentation conditions. PLoS ONE, 16(5), e0249250.

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Folin-Ciocalteu Assay for Total Polyphenols

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The Folin–Ciocâlteu test quantified the total polyphenols’ content (as Gallic Acid Equivalents, GAE), measuring the absorbance at 760 nm, with a wavelength of blue color resulting from the redox reaction between the Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent (Folin–Ciocâlteu phenol reagent, Sigma-Aldrich), which contains phosphotungstic/phophomolybdic acids, and polyphenols. The measurement was performed through UV–Vis spectroscopy after a 2 h reaction between the sample and the Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent, as previously described [7 (link)].

Scannavino R.C., Riccucci G., Ferraris S., Duarte G.L., de Oliveira P.T, & Spriano S. (2022). Functionalization with Polyphenols of a Nano-Textured Ti Surface through a High–Amino Acid Medium: A Chemical–Physical and Biological Characterization. Nanomaterials, 12(17), 2916.

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Chitosan antimicrobial and antioxidant evaluation

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Low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan (Mw 55–180 kDa) with deacetylation degree of 74–84%, acetic acid, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), Folin–Ciocâlteu phenol reagent, DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl), methanol, ethanol, sodium carbonate, and Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth and MH agar media were prepared from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Escherichia coli (PTCC 1163) and Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC 25,923) as stock cultures were obtained from Persian Type Culture Collection (PTCC, Tehran, Iran).

Soltanzadeh M., Peighambardoust S.H., Ghanbarzadeh B., Mohammadi M, & Lorenzo J.M. (2021). Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Promising Nanomaterial for Encapsulation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Extract as a Natural Source of Antioxidants. Nanomaterials, 11(6), 1439.

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Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Protocol

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Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, Seoul, South Korea, 98% pure), gallic acid, methanol (HPLC-grade), N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), and 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide (PNPG) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocâlteu phenol reagent was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and peanut oil was obtained from Sekem company (Belbeis, Egypt). BaP was handled in accordance with NIH safety guidelines [133 ] and dissolved in peanut oil. Fresh solutions were prepared weekly and were stored at room temperature in the dark.

Attia H., ElBanna S.A., Khattab R.A., Farag M.A., Yassin A.S, & Aziz R.K. (2023). Integrating Microbiome Analysis, Metabolomics, Bioinformatics, and Histopathology to Elucidate the Protective Effects of Pomegranate Juice against Benzo-alpha-pyrene-Induced Colon Pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(13), 10691.

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