Eos 40d camera

The beetle specimens were collected by using an aspirator inside the cave, and kept in 55% ethanol before study. Dissections and observations were made under a Leica S8AP0 microscope. Dissected genital pieces, including the median lobe and parameres of the aedeagus, were glued onto small transparent plastic plates and pinned under the specimen they belonged to. Habitus pictures were taken by means of a Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope. Genital pictures were taken using a Canon EOS 40D camera connected to a Zeiss AX10 microscope, and then stacked and processed by means of Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. Distribution maps created using Mapinfo software.
The length of the body was measured from the apex of the right mandible (in open position) to the elytral apex; the width of the body was taken as the maximum width of the elytra.
Abbreviations of other measurements used in the text are as follows:
HLm

length of head including mandibles, from apex of right mandible to occipital suture

HLl

length of head excluding mandibles, from front of labrum to occipital suture

HW

maximum width of head

PrL

length of prothorax, along the median line

PnL

length of pronotum, as above

PrW

maximum width of prothorax

PnW

maximum width of pronotum

PfW

width of pronotum at front

PbW

width of pronotum at base

EL

length of elytra, from base of scutellum to elytral apex

EW

maximum width of combined elytra

The material was collected by using an aspirator inside the cave Shenxian Dong, and kept in 55% ethanol before study, except one of each species was kept in 95% ethanol for molecular analysis if two or more specimens were available. Dissections and observations were made under a Leica S8AP0 microscope. Dissected male genital pieces, including the median lobe and parameres of the aedeagus, were preserved in Euparal Mounting Medium (BioQuip Products, Inc., CA, USA) onto small transparent plastic plates and pinned under the specimen. Habitus pictures were taken by means of a Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope. Genital pictures were taken using a Canon EOS 40D camera connected to a Zeiss AX10 microscope. Female genitalia were dissected before the entire abdomen was removed and placed in cold 10% KOH for one day, then cleaned in lactic acid for one day, and stained in Chlorazol Black which was dissolved in 70% ethanol for thirty seconds. All pictures were processed using Adobe Photoshop CS5 computer software.
Measurements and terminology follow Tian et al. (2016) (link). Terminology for female reproductive tract follows Deuve (1993 , 2018 (link)) and Liebherr and Will (1998) .

Specimens were collected in cave by aspiration and kept in 55% ethanol until their dissection and observation under a Leica S8AP0 stereomicroscope. Dissected genital pieces, including the median lobe and the parameres of the aedeagus, were glued onto small transparent plastic plates and pinned beneath the specimen to which they belonged. Habitus were photographed using a Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope and the genital pieces were photographed using a Canon EOS 40D camera connected to a Zeiss AX10 microscope. Photographs were then stacked and processed using Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. Distribution maps were obtained in MapInfo.
Body length was measured from the apex of the right mandible (in the open position) to the elytral apex; body width corresponded to the maximum width of the elytra.
Abbreviations of other measurements are as follows, following Tian et al. (2016) :
HLm

head length including mandibles, measured from the apex of the right mandible to the occipital suture

HLl

head length excluding mandibles, measured from the front of the labrum to the occipital suture

HW

maximum head width

PnL

pronotum length along the median line

PnW

maximum pronotum width

PfW

pronotum width at front

PbW

pronotum width at base

EL

elytra length, from base of scutellum to elytral apex

EW

maximum width of combined elytra