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5 protocols using phenol red dye

1

Knockdown of ift81 and tnnt2a in Zebrafish Embryos

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An antisense morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) targeting the translation-start site (ATG) of ift81 (MO:ift81ATG) was designed to knockdown the expression of ift819 (link). To halt cardiac contractions and fluid flow, we designed a MO targeting the ATG translation-start site of cardiac troponin T type 2a, tnnt2a (MO:tnnt2aATG). As a negative control, we used a standard control MO (control-MO) specific to a human beta-globin intron mutation. All MO solutions were synthesized by GeneTools (Oregon, USA). The MO sequences are as follows:
MO:ift81ATG: 5’-CGATAAATTTAAGCTGTTCGCTCAT-3’MO:tnnt2aATG: 5’-CATGTTTGCTCTGATCTGACACGCA-3’Control-MO: 5’-CCTCTTACCTCAGTTACAATTTATA-3’All MO solutions were briefly heated at 65°C and re-suspended in 1X Danieau buffer (58 mM NaCl, 0.7 mM KCl, 0.4 mM MgSO4, 0.6 mM Ca(NO3)2, 5.0 mM HEPES, pH 7.6) and 0.1% (w/v) phenol red dye (Sigma-Aldrich), to a final concentration of 8 ng/nL. Embryos at 1–2 cell stage were positioned in individual grooves made on a 1.0% agarose gel and were initially injected at concentrations ranging from 0.5 ng/nL to 6 ng/nL.
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2

Microinjection of DNA Samples into Zebrafish Embryos

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DNA samples were dissolved in PBS (Biolot, Moscow, Russia) containing 0.05% Phenol red dye (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). DNA concentration ranged from 0.3 to 30 attomoles/nL. DNA samples were microinjected into zebrafish embryos at the first cleavage 20 min after fertilization using an M-152 micromanipulator (Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) and an air-pressure injector PicoPump PV820 (World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) under an inverted microscope Olympus IX2-SLP (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The samples (1 nL) were injected within 0.28 s into the yolk under the formed germinal disc at an angle of 45° to the plate to maximize sample delivery into the yolk center. The capillaries used with an outer diameter of 20 µm were pulled from glass capillaries (BF100-50-10, Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA, USA) by a Micropipette puller (Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA, USA). A total of 6750 eggs were injected.
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3

Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization

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Phenol red dye, methacryloyl chloride, triethylamine (TEA), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO-d6, ammonium persulphate (APS), N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), acrylamide (AAm), N,N,N,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and sodium alginate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada)and used as received. Potassium sodium buffer solutions with pH values of 5, 6, 7, 7.4, 8, and 9 were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, ON, Canada). All other chemicals used in this work were used as received.
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4

Morpholino Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Cardiac Troponin T

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To stop cardiac contractions and inhibit CVP formation, we used a morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) targeting the ATG translation-start site of cardiac troponin T type 2a, tnnt2a (MO:tnnt2a ATG ). As a negative control, we used a standard control MO (control MO) specific to a human β-globin intron mutation. All MOs were synthesized by GeneTools (Oregon). The MO sequences were: MO:tnnt2a ATG : 5'-CATGTTTGCTCTGATCTGACACGCA-3' Control MO: 5'-CCTCTTACCTCAGTTACAATTTATA-3' Prior to injection, MO solutions were briefly heated at 65°C and resuspended in 1X Danieau's solution (58 mmol/L NaCl, 0.7 mmol/L KCl, 0.4 mmol/L MgSO 4 , 0.6 mmol/L Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , 5.0 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.6), and 0.1% (w/v) phenol red dye (Sigma-Aldrich), to a final concentration of 8 ng/nL. Embryos at 1-16 cell-stages were positioned in individual grooves made on a 1.5% agarose gel and injected with MOs at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 6 ng/nL.
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5

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Zebrafish Embryos

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10 -20 zebrafish embryos were pooled and lysed using a 25-gauge needle in Trizol LS for RNA extraction. cDNA was synthesized using a High-capacity reverse transcription kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, 4368814). qPCR was carried out using Power UP SYBR green master mix (ThermoFisher Scientific, 4385610) on a CFX96 Real-Time system (BioRad). TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGATTCGAGAGATGTTACTGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATA GC. gRNA was synthesized as previously described 24 .
A 1:1 solution of gRNA and 500 µg/mL of Cas9 nuclease V3 (Integrated DNA Technology) was prepared with phenol red dye (Sigma, P0290). Freshly laid eggs were collected from breeding tanks and the solution was injected in the yolk sac of the egg before the emergence of the first cell with a FemtoJet 4i (Eppendorf).
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