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8 protocols using ab1086

1

Evaluation of Ferroptosis Markers in Cells

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Brucine, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), and glutathione (GSH) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), liproxastin-1, and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) were all obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Primary antibodies against GRP78 (ab12685), ATF3 (ab254268), ATF4 (ab184909), GPX4 (ab125066), cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (ab175186), ferritin light chain (ab69090), ferritin heavy chain (ab75972), FPN (ab78066), TF (ab82411), TFR (ab1086), ATG5 (ab108327), LC3B (ab192890), p62 (ab109012), Beclin-1 (ab207612), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) (ab51254), and catalase (ab209211) were all from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-PERK (#5683) and anti-β-Actin (#4970) antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). The other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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2

Fluorescent Antibody Labeling for In Vivo Use

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Antibodies for in vivo administration were obtained from Abcam (Ab30, Ab1086, Ab64715, Ab14935, Ab27478, for EGFR, TfR, TGFβ1, CXCR2, and control IgG, respectively, Cambridge, MA). Each purified antibody was individually fluorescently labeled with Cy5.5 dye using a proprietary conjugation kit procured from Abcam (Ab102879). Briefly, 50 μl of purified antibodies at a concentration of 1–1.5 mg/ml were combined with 5 μl of a provided modifier reagent; the antibody solution was then combined with 100 μg of lyophilized Cy5.5 dye. Following a 3 hour incubation in the dark and at room temperature, 5 μl of a provided quencher reagent was added to the solution, and the solution allowed to incubate for 30 minutes or longer before use. For in vivo use, fluorescently labeled antibodies were individually diluted to a concentration of 75 μg/ml using 0.9% saline USP grade.
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3

Protein Expression Analysis in Cardiac Tissues

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Cardiac tissues and cardiomyocytes extracts were used for Western blot analysis. The equal amount of protein samples obtained from tissues or cells were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and then transferred to PDVF membrane. The membranes were incubated with the following primary antibodies: USP14 (1191S, CST, USA), Beclin1 (3738, CST), LC3 (12741, CST), NCOA4 (ab86707, Abcam) and FTH1 (3998, CST) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1; ab1086, Abcam). Secondary antibodies were incubated and then visualized with the ECL Plus assay Kit (K002, Affinity, USA).
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4

Quantitative Analysis of Iron Transport Proteins

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Three iron transport-related proteins (DMT-1, TfR-1, and FP1) were detected by Western blotting. Frozen heart tissue samples were homogenized with 400 μL lysis buffer/20 mg tissue and then centrifuged at 12,000 r/min for 10 min, after which the supernatant was collected. Total proteins were loaded and separated on a 10% SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) gel and then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Blocking was performed with 5% skimmed milk powder in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and then the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. The membrane was washed three times (10 min each) to remove uncombined primary antibodies, and then it was incubated with secondary antibodies at room temperature for 90 min. After the membrane was washed three times to remove unbound secondary antibodies, the membrane was exposed and scanned by the Gel imaging analysis system (UVP, USA), and the gray value was automatically measured by the system. The primary antibodies included anti-DMT1 antibody (ab55735, Abcam), anti-transferrin receptor antibody [MEM-189] (ab1086, Abcam), and anti-ferroportin/SLC40A1 antibody (ab58695, Abcam).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Ferroptosis Markers

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For cells, the total proteins were placed into RIPA lysis buffer (Cat No. CW2333S, CWBIO) for extraction. For the pancreatic tissues, the tissues were washed and homogenized in RIPA buffer. The BCA Protein Assay Kit (Cat No. CW0014S, CWBIO) was used for the measurement of the protein concentrations. The samples were loaded on 10% SDS-PAGE for separation. Then the proteins were blot on PVDF membrane (Millipore). Then the membranes after being blocked with skim milk (5%) were reacted with the primary antibodies against GPX4 (#ab219592, Abcam), SLC7A11 (#ab175186, Abcam), SLC3A2 (# PA5-96401, thermo Fisher scientific), TFR1 (#ab1086, Abcam), Nrf2 (#ab31163, Abcam) and NCOA4 (#PA5-96398, thermo Fisher scientific). Then the membranes were incubated with the secondary antibody. The ECL Western Blotting Analysis System (Amersham) was applied for detection of the membranes. ImageJ software was used for calculation of the band density.
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6

Immunoblotting Analysis of Autophagy and Iron Homeostasis Proteins

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The tumor and A549 cell lysates were prepared, washed with cold PBS, resuspended in a lysis buffer and sonicated the lysate. The proteins were separated on 10–15% SDS gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. After incubation with 1:1,000 primary antibody dilution buffer for 1 h, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) HRP (1:5,000, No. S0002, Affinity) or Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) HRP (1:5,000, No. S0001, Affinity) were used as secondary antibodies and developed by enhanced chemiluminescence. The antibodies used for immunoblotting were ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14, 1191S, CST, USA), Beclin 1 (3,738, CST, USA), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4, ab86707, Abcam, United Kingdom), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3 I and LC3 II 12741, CST, USA), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1, 3,998, CST, USA), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1, ab1086, Abcam, United Kingdom), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, ab125066, Abcam, United Kingdom), activating transcription factor4 (ATF4, ab184909, Abcam, United Kingdom) and β-tubulin (2146S, CST, USA).
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7

Ferroptosis Regulation via Antioxidants

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RSL3, SRT2183, antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and lipid ROS inhibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1) were all purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Shanghai, China). FK866, EX527 and NAD+ were all from MedChemExpress company (Shanghai, China). Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). Deferoxamine and antibodies against acetyl-p53 at K382 (ab75754), SIRT1 (ab32441), ATF3 (ab254268), GPX4 (ab125066), SLC7A11 (ab175186), ferritin light chain (ab69090), Histone H2A(ab18255), ferroportin (ab78066), transferrin (ab82411), and transferrin receptor (ab1086) were all from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). AROS antibody (A13231) was from Abclonal technology company (Wuhan, China) and DBC1 antibody (22638-1-AP) was from Proteintech Company (Wuhan, China). Ferrous iron probe FerroOrang was obtained from Dojindo Laboratories (Shanghai, China). The other reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich.
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Lipid Metabolism Proteins

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The tumor and Hela cell lysates were prepared, washed in cold phosphate buffer saline (PBS), resuspended in a lysis buffer and sonicated the lysate. Equal amounts of protein (50 μg/lane) were electrophoresed in SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Millipore). ACSL4 (ab155282, Abcam, UK), ferritin heavy chain (FTH1, 3998, CST, USA), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, ab125066, Abcam, UK) and transferrin receptor (TfR1, ab1086, Abcam, UK) primary antibodies were used. HRPconjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) HRP (1:5000, No. S0002, A nity) or Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) HRP (1:5000, No. S0001, A nity) was used as the secondary antibody. The protein bands were scanned by a gel analysis system and the grayscale values of the strips were analyzed using image analysis software (Image J) .
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