Sulfapyridine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Sulfapyridine is a sulfonamide compound that is used as a laboratory reagent. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and chemical products.

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Lab products found in correlation

14 protocols using sulfapyridine

Multiresidue Analysis of Sulfonamides

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MeCN, methanol, n‐hexane, and formic acid were supplied by Merck. Ultrapure water was prepared with a Milli‐Q system by Millipore. All solvents were in chromatographic grade.
Analytical standards (≥98%) of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamerazine (SM), sulfamethazine (SM2), sulfamethizole (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfathiazole (STZ) sulfachlorpyridazine (SCD), trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMD), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfadoxine (SDX), sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfabenzamide (SBA), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), sulfacetamide (SAA), and sulfaphenazole (SPZ) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Stock solutions were prepared at a concentration of 100 µg/ml in methanol, and mixed standard solutions were diluted to 1,000 ng/ml. All solutions were stored at −20°C.
Oasis PRiME HLB (6cc, 200 mg) was purchased from Waters. EMR‐L product was purchased from Agilent Technologies, which consisted of two 15‐ml centrifuge tubes. QuEChERS d‐SPE EMR‐L contained 1 g EMR‐L material, and QuEChERS Final Polish EMR‐L contained 1.6 g magnesium sulfate and 0.4 g sodium chloride for salting out.

Wang J., Hu Q., Li P., Fang Y., Yang W., Ma N, & Pei F. (2019). Comparison of three different lipid removal cleanup techniques prior to the analysis of sulfonamide drug residues in porcine tissues. Food Science & Nutrition, 7(9), 3006-3016.

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Determination of Sulfonamides via Coordination Polymer

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All reagents used in this experiment were at least analytical grade. All the ultrapure water used in the experiment was obtained through Milli-Q (Millipore, Bradford, MA, USA). Ten sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfafurazole (SIZ), sulfamethizole (SMT), sulfadiazine (SD), sulfadimidine (SM2), sulfametoxydiazine (SMD), sulfadoxine (SDM′), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfathiazole (ST), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) were purchased from Sigma. 1,3,5-Triformylphloroglucinol (Tp), glycol, diglycolic anhydride (DA), 1,6-hexanediamine, benzidine (BD), and FeCl₃·6H₂O were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), mesitylene, and 1,4-dioxane were purchased from Concord Chemical Research Institute (Tianjin, China). HNO₃ were obtained from Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute (Tianjin, China). All glassware should be soaked in aqua regia (HCl : HNO₃ = 3 : 1, v/v) for at least 24 h and cleaned with ultrapure water.

Liu J.M., Lv S.W., Yuan X.Y., Liu H.L, & Wang S. (2019). Facile construction of magnetic core–shell covalent organic frameworks as efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbents for highly sensitive determination of sulfonamide residues against complex food sample matrices. RSC Advances, 9(25), 14247-14253.

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Quantification of Sulfonamide Residues

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Ammonia solution (30%), acetic acid (99.5%), n-hexane (95%), ammonium acetate (98%), were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Rodano, Italy). Chloroform and acetone (analytical grade) were obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Water, acetonitrile and methanol of HPLC grade were purchased from Baker (Deventer, Holland). The 0.02 M acetate buffer solution, used as solution (A) for HPLC mobile phase, was prepared by dissolving 1.54 g of ammonium acetate in water. The pH value was adjusted to 4.50±0.02 with acetic acid. Standards of SAs [sulfadiazine (SDA) 99.3%, sulfathiazole (STZ) 99.9%, sulfapyridine (SP) 99.7%, sulfamerazine (SM) 98.8%, sulfamethazine (SMZ) 99.8%, sulfamethoxipyridazine (SMP) 99.7%, sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) 99.4%, sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) 98%, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) 99.9%, sulfadoxine (SDO) 99.8%, sulfaphenazole (SNZ) 99%, sulfadimethoxine (SDM) 99.8% and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) 96%] were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
Working standards at concentration of 0.25-0.5-1.0-2.0-4.0 mg/L were prepared by appropriate dilution in mobile phase to make calibrations curves for the detection of SAs in meat. A feed sample fortified at five concentrations (0.2, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg) with standard solutions of SAs before the extraction was used to obtain the calibration curve for the analysis of SAs in feed.

Armentano A., Summa S., Magro S.L., D’Antini P., Palermo C, & Muscarella M. (2016). Core-Shell in Liquid Chromatography: Application for Determining Sulphonamides in Feed and Meat Using Conventional Chromatographic Systems. Italian Journal of Food Safety, 5(4), 6166.

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Antimicrobial Agents Acquisition Protocol

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All antimicrobial agents, including cefotaxime (CTX), ampicillin (AMP), kanamycin (KAN), tetracycline (TET), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and sulfapyridine (SPY), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. In addition, we selected representative antibiotics that are used as the major veterinary and/or human pharmaceuticals in Japan (Yamasaki et al., 2018 (link)).

Yamaguchi Y., Okubo T., Matsushita M., Wataji M., Iwasaki S., Hayasaka K., Akizawa K., Matsuo J., Shimizu C, & Yamaguchi H. (2018). Analysis of adult damselfly fecal material aids in the estimation of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales contamination of the local environment. PeerJ, 6, e5755.

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Targeted Analysis of Pharmaceutical Pollutants

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High purity (>98%) sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, metoprolol, sulfamethazine, cipr ofloxacin, ofloxacin, risperidone, erythromycin, and acetaminophen were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol (LC-MS Grade), acetone (HPLC-Grade), water (LC-MS grade water), formic acid (LC-MS Grade), ammonium formate 99%, and hydrochloric acid 37%, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Wastewater samples were collected from the influent and effluent of Sharjah central STP.

Semreen M.H., Shanableh A., Semerjian L., Alniss H., Mousa M., Bai X, & Acharya K. (2019). Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant. Molecules, 24(3), 633.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds

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Amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, chlor tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, colistin, danafloxacin, decoquinate, dexamethasone, diclofenac, difloxacin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumethasone, griseofulvin, ibuprofen, levofloxacin, lincomycin, maduramicin, mefenamic acid, monesin, narasin, nicarbazin, norfloxacin, oxy tetracycline, paracetamol, propranolol, robenidine, sarafloxacin, salinomycin, spectinomycin, sulfachloropyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethasone, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfapyridine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfathiazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and tylosin with a purity above 98% were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anhydrous citric acid, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), and disodium hydrogen phosphate dehydrate were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH) (HPLC grade ≥ 99%), and formic acid (purity > 99% for analysis) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Purified water, with a resistivity higher than 18.0 MU, was prepared in the laboratory with a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA).

Nebot C., Cardelle-Cobas A., García-Presedo I., Patyra E., Cepeda A, & Franco C.M. (2022). Identification and Quantification of 29 Active Substances by HPLC–ESI-MS/MS in Lyophilized Swine Manure Samples. Molecules, 28(1), 216.

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Quantitative Analysis of Sulfonamide Compounds

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Analytical standards of sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethizol, sulfamethazine, sulfabenzamide, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfaphenazole and sulfamonomethoxine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA; purity > 95%). Acetic acid (AC), formic acid, n-butyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate anhydrous (Na2SO4) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Triton X-114 (TX-114), Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Tween 20 of laboratory grade were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water was yielded by a Milli-Q Gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
The stock solution of each SA was prepared by dissolving 10 mg of each compound with 10 mL of methanol. The stock solution was stored in a freezer. Before use, the stock solutions were mixed with appropriate volumes of methanol to prepare standard working solutions.

Li Z., Zhang J., Yang Y., Xu H., Wang J, & Yang Y. (2020). Determination of Sulfonamides in Milk by Cloud Point-Salting Out Extraction and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 36(12).

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Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction of Sulfonamides

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ILs were obtained from the University of Bremen (Germany) and Sigma-Aldrich (Germany) at a purity of ≥95%. The ionic liquids applied were (Fig. 1) trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide ([P666-14][N(CN)₂]), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tri(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([P666-14][(C₂F₅)₃PF₃]), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dioctylphosphate [P666-14][(C₈H₁₇)₂PO₂], trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [P666-14][TFN], 4-(etoxy)-4-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Mor13OH][TFN]), 4-(hydroxypropyl)-4-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Mor11O2][TFN]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([BMIm][N(CN)₂]).Fig. 1

Ionic liquids applied during this study

Standards of SAs (Fig. 2), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamethiazole (SMT), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfadimethoxine (SDX), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfapyridine (SPD), and sulfamerazine (SMZ), were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). HPLC solvents, n-octanol, and ammonium acetate were obtained from POCH (Poland).Fig. 2

Sulfonamides applied as target analytes during PASSIL

Męczykowska H., Kobylis P., Stepnowski P, & Caban M. (2017). Ionic liquids for the passive sampling of sulfonamides from water—applicability and selectivity study. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 409(16), 3951-3958.

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Quantitative Analysis of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

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The sulfonamide analytical standards (sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMPD), sulfadimethoxine (SDMX), sulfapyridine (SP), sulfamethazine (SMZ)), and trimethoprim (TMP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All analytical standards had a purity greater than 99.0%. Primary secondary amine (PSA) was obtained from United Chemical Technologies, Inc. (UCT Inc., Bristol, PA, USA), and formic acid (98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anhydrous magnesium sulfate was supplied by J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA) and sodium acetate trihydrate from Spectrum Chemical Mfg., Corp. (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). Methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) were obtained from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA) and J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, US), respectively. All solvents were of HPLC grade, and all reagents were of analytical grade. Ultra-pure deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q Plus water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Filtration of the aqueous mobile phase was performed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes were used for organic mobile-phase filtration, both with 0.22 µm pore size obtained from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).

Nunes K.S., Assalin M.R., Vallim J.H., Jonsson C.M., Queiroz S.C, & Reyes F.G. (2018). Multiresidue Method for Quantification of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim in Tilapia Fillet by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Using QuEChERS for Sample Preparation. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2018, 4506754.

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Primary Human Fetal RPE Cell Culture

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Primary human fetal RPE (H-RPE) cells were purchased at passage one from LONZA (Walkersville, MD, USA), and all experiments were performed with cells at passage two to six. The ARPE-19 human RPE cells were purchased from the ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Tamoxifen and 5-ASA were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). The rapamycin was purchased from EMD Millipore Corporation (USA). Sulfasalazine, sulfapyridine, bafilomycin A1, and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). NAC (Sigma-Aldrich) and Z-YVAD-FMK (BioVision Inc. Milpitas, CA) were used as inhibitor reagents.

Hwang N, & Chung S.W. (2020). Sulfasalazine attenuates tamoxifen-induced toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. BMB Reports, 53(5), 284-289.

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