Ibuprofen

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany

The Ibuprofen is a laboratory equipment designed for the analysis and quantification of the active pharmaceutical ingredient ibuprofen. It is a versatile and accurate instrument used in various applications, such as quality control, pharmaceutical research, and regulatory compliance testing.

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(RS)-Ibuprofen (2 citations)

16 protocols using ibuprofen

Measuring Thermodynamic Ibuprofen Solubility

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The thermodynamic solubility of ibuprofen was determined by the shake-flask method (25 RPM), incubating gastrointestinal fluids for 24 h with an excess amount of ibuprofen (Acros Organics, Morris Plains, NJ, USA) at 37 °C. The fluids that were used for measuring the thermodynamic solubility of ibuprofen were aspirated gastric, duodenal and jejunal fluids of three different time points of subject B005-F2. Following the 24 h incubation, samples were centrifuged for 15 min at 17,000 g (AccuSpin Micro 17, Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). The supernatant was diluted 10-fold with methanol (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and again centrifuged for 5 min in order to discard any proteins that could interfere with the HPLC analysis (see below). Solubility measurements were performed in triplicate.

Bermejo M., Hens B., Dickens J., Mudie D., Paixão P., Tsume Y., Shedden K, & Amidon G.L. (2020). A Mechanistic Physiologically-Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM) Approach to Assess the In Vivo Performance of an Orally Administered Drug Product: From IVIVC to IVIVP. Pharmaceutics, 12(1), 74.

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Ibuprofen-Loaded Alginate Microbeads for Controlled Drug Release

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Sodium alginate (≈39% in guluronic acid blocks, M_w ≈ 100 kDa), Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate), Tween 80 (polysorbate), isopropyl myristate (≥98%), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), sodium chloride (NaCl), Nile red, vitamin E (α‐tocopherol, ≥ 99.5%), corn oil, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, M_n = 700 g mol⁻¹), silicone oil, and photoinitiator 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐propan‐1‐one (Darocur 1173) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Ibuprofen (99%, ACROS Organics) was purchased from Fisher Scientific to be used as an API. Sucrose (ultrapure) was purchased from VWR Life Science.

Chen L., Cheng L, & Doyle P.S. (2020). Nanoemulsion‐Loaded Capsules for Controlled Delivery of Lipophilic Active Ingredients. Advanced Science, 7(20), 2001677.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks

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All
chemicals were reagent
grade or better and used as received, included: iron(III) chloride
(hexahydrate, 99 + %, Acros), terephthalic acid (TA, 99 + %, Acros), N,N-dimethylformamide (Fisher Chemical,
ACS Certified), sodium hydroxide (2.0 N Standardized Solution, Alfa
Aesar), hexanes (Fisher Chemical, ACS Certified), ibuprofen (99%,
Acros), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.2, 1×, Gibco),
trifluoroacetic acid (HPLC Grade, Acros), Milli-Q water (18 MΩ·
cm, Millipore), and acetonitrile (HPLC Grade, Fisher Chemical).

Pham H., Ramos K., Sua A., Acuna J., Slowinska K., Nguyen T., Bui A., Weber M.D, & Tian F. (2020). Tuning Crystal Structures of Iron-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery Applications. ACS Omega, 5(7), 3418-3427.

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Cyclodextrin-Ibuprofen Formulation Development

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Ibuprofen (racemic mixture, sodium salt), sodium hydroxide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from Acros Organics. β-CD, HPβ-CD (with a mean of 5.6 substitutions per cyclodextrin) were purchased from Wacker Chemie (Lyon, France). The water content (10% for β-CD, 6% for HPβ-CD) has been taken into account when preparing solutions. All products were of analytical grade and used as received. Distilled deionized water was used throughout this work.

Bertaut E, & Landy D. (2014). Improving ITC studies of cyclodextrin inclusion compounds by global analysis of conventional and non-conventional experiments. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 10, 2630-2641.

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Analytical-Grade Chemicals for Research

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Bisphenol A, 4-chlorocatechol
(97%), 4-chloro resorcinol (98%), chloro-p-benzoquinone
(95%), and 4-isobutylacetophenone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Ibuprofen (99%), 2,4-dichlorophenol (99%), 4-ethylbenzadehyde (98%),
resorcinol (98%), chlorohydroquinone (90%), catechol (99%), and benzoqinone
(99%) were supplied by Acros. Triclosan (99.7%) was from Calbiochem,
and hydroquinone was from Fischer Scientific. Deionized (DI) water
(18.0 mΩ cm) obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q system was used
in all the experiments. All chemicals used in this study were above
analytical grade.

Gou N., Yuan S., Lan J., Gao C., Alshawabkeh A.N, & Gu A.Z. (2014). A Quantitative Toxicogenomics Assay Reveals the Evolution and Nature of Toxicity during the Transformation of Environmental Pollutants. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(15), 8855-8863.

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Synthesis of Dextran-Ibuprofen Conjugates

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First, 0.5 g (2.42 mmol) ibuprofen[2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid), Acros Organics Company, the United States] were added to a 5 mL Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Gibco company, the United States), then, 0.43 g (2.66 mmol) of N, N’-carbonyldiimidazole (Shanghai Sigma-Aldrich Company, China) were added to the solution and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.5 g (3.1 mmol, the fructose unit) of Dextran (Shanghai Alladin Reagent Company, China) was subsequently added to the mixture and the reaction was allowed to react for 24 hours at 80 °C under stirring. The resultant solution was precipitated into 100 mL cold water. The precipitates were filtered out, washed several times with water and dried under vacuum to obtain Dextran-ibprofen conjugates.

Qi L., Jiang H., Cui X., Liang G., Gao M., Huang Z, & Xi Q. (2017). Synthesis of methylprednisolone loaded ibuprofen modified dextran based nanoparticles and their application for drug delivery in acute spinal cord injury. Oncotarget, 8(59), 99666-99680.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Aspirin (ASP), ibuprofen (IBU), nicotinamide (NC), isonicotinamide (INC), isoniazid (INZ), and methyl nicotinate (MN) were bought from Acros (Geel, Belgium). 3,4-diaminopyridine (AMI) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA), and zinc oxide from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). All the solvents and reagents were used as received without further treatment.

Leng F., Shemchuk O., Robeyns K, & Leyssens T. (2022). Complexation: An Interesting Pathway for Combining Two APIs at the Solid State. Pharmaceutics, 14(9), 1960.

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FeOCl Nanocatalyst for Fenton-like Treatment

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FeCl₃•6H₂O (Honeywell Fluka) was used to synthesize the FeOCl nanocatalyst, and H₂O₂ was purchased from Fisher Scientific. γ-Al₂O₃ (Alfa Aesar) was used as a support to immobilize FeOCl. BPA (Sigma-Aldrich), ibuprofen (Alfa Aesar), atrazine (Sigma-Aldrich), carbamazepine (Sigma-Aldrich), 4-chlorophenol (Acros Organics), 4-nitrophenol (Acros Organics), rhodamine B (Harleco), reactive blue 19 (Sigma-Aldrich), and orange II (Acros Organics) were used as substrates for the Fenton-like process treatment. Other chemicals (i.e., sodium sulfate [Na₂SO₄] as the supporting electrolyte, sodium carbonate [Na₂CO₃] for synthetic alkaline water, ethanol as a HO^• radical scavenger, and methanol and acetonitrile as the mobile phase for high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Pure water was used throughout the work, except in the field water studies.

Chen L., Alshawabkeh A.N., Hojabri S., Sun M., Xu G, & Li J. (2021). A Robust Flow-Through Platform for Organic Contaminant Removal. Cell reports. Physical science, 2(1), 100296.

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Pluronic-Based Ibuprofen Formulations

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Pluronics L92 and F108 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and Pluronics F98, F88, F68, F87, and P84 were purchased from BASF Corporation. All these Pluronics were used as received without further purification. Their physicochemical and molecular characteristics are described in Table 1 and the molecular structure of Pluronic is schematically illustrated in Figure 1a. The drug α-methyl-4-(isobutyl) phenylacetic acid, known as ibuprofen, was bought from Alfa-Aesar and used as received. The molecular structure of ibuprofen is illustrated in Figure 1b. NaOH was bought from SHOWA, and its purity is 96%. Water was purified by double distillation followed by a PURELAB Maxima Series (ELGA Lab Water) purification system with a resistivity better than 18.2 MΩ cm.

Lee C.F., Tseng H.W., Bahadur P, & Chen L.J. (2018). Synergistic Effect of Binary Mixed-Pluronic Systems on Temperature Dependent Self-assembly Process and Drug Solubility. Polymers, 10(1), 105.

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Titanium Foil Synthesis and Characterization

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Titanium foil (0.2 mm thick,
99.9% purity) was obtained from Ankuro Int. GmbH (Germany). Nitric
acid (HNO₃, 65%) was bought from Carlo Erba Reagents GmbH
(Germany). Hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48–51%) and furfuryl alcohol
(FFA, 99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethylene glycol
(99%), ammonium fluoride (NH₄F, 99.8%), sodium borohydride
(NaBH₄, 97%), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99%), sodium sulfate
(Na₂SO₄, >99%), Ibuprofen (IBF, ≥98%),
coumarin, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were purchased from Alfa
Aesar (U.K.). Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl, 98%) and 7-hydroxycoumarin
were obtained from Acros Organics. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA), sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. A graphite block (99.9%) was purchased from Beijing
Great Wall Co., Ltd. (China). Deionized water was used in all of the
experiments.

Machreki M., Chouki T., Tyuliev G., Žigon D., Ohtani B., Loukanov A., Stefanov P, & Emin S. (2023). Defective TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Degradation of Organic Pollutants. ACS Omega, 8(24), 21605-21617.

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