Dicyandiamide (DCN, 99%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), silicon dioxide (SBA-15, 99.6%), p-anisaldehyde (AAD, 98%), benzoquinone (BQ, 98%) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, ≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetaldehyde (C2H4O, ≥99%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 99%) and formic acid (HCO2H, 98%) were purchased from Fluka. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 28%), tert-butanol (t-BuOH, 99%) and p-anisyl alcohol (AA, 98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95–98%) was purchased from Labor and ethanol (CH3CH2OH, p. a.) was purchased from Panreac. Hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48%) and methanol (CH3OH, 99.6%) were purchased by VWR™. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Aeroxide® P25 powder was supplied by Evonik and used as received. All the reagents were used without further purification. Ultra-pure water was obtained from a Direct-Q Millipore system.
Hydrofluoric acid
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in United States
Hydrofluoric acid is a highly corrosive and toxic chemical compound. It is used in various industrial and laboratory applications, such as etching and cleaning of glass, semiconductor manufacturing, and metal processing. Hydrofluoric acid has a unique ability to dissolve many materials, including silicon, glass, and certain metals.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Acetone, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Iodine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Triethylamine tea, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
1 octene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone k30, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tert butanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Benzoquinone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dicyandiamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
P anisaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using hydrofluoric acid
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles
2
Comprehensive Silicon Wafer Characterization and Bacterial Culturing
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p-type silicon wafers with an <100> orientation (resistivity 0.01–0.02 mΩ cm) were purchased from Siegert Wafer, Aachen, Germany. Hydrofluoric acid (48% aqueous) was obtained from VWR Chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany. PLA (Mw = 18,000–24,000 g mol−1), proteinase K from tritirachium album (≥30 units mg−1), acetone (99.8%), ethyl acetate (99.7%), hexane (99%), isopropanol (99.5%), ethylene glycol (99%) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany. Sodium hydroxide (98.8%) was purchased from ChemSolute, Renningen, Germany. P. aeruginosa PAO1 (ATCC 15692, isolated from infected wounds) [42 (link),43 (link)]). Luria–Bertani medium (LB broth), LB agar, methanol (99.9%), chloroform (99%) and ethanol (96%) were purchased from Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany. Milli-Q water was obtained from Millipore Direct Q 8 system (MILLIPORE, Schwalbach, Germany) with a resistivity of 18 MΩ cm.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2@PNiPAm Particles
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All chemicals listed here were used without
further processing, unless stated otherwise. APTES, MPTMS, 4-MBA,
HAuCl4·3H2O, iodine, potassium iodine,
and anhydrous toluene (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone
(99%), calcium chloride, ethanol (96%), isopropanol (IPA) (≥98%),
absolute ethanol (99.96%), and hydrofluoric acid (40%) were acquired
from VWR. Hydrogen peroxide (30%) and tri-sodium citrate dihydrate
were obtained from Merck. Sulfuric acid (95–97%) was supplied
by Supelco. The MilliQ water used was double deionized using a MilliQ
system with a resistivity of 18 MΩ. N-doped Si wafers (<100>,
resistivity 1–30 Ω cm) were obtained from Si Materials,
Germany. For the synthesis of SiO2@PNiPAm core–shell
particles used as a colloidal template, N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide)
(99%), ammonium persulfate (98%), ethanol (99.9%), hexane (≥99%),
tetraethyl orthosilicate (98%), ammonium hydroxide solution (28–30%
NH3 basis), (3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (98%),
fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (>90%), and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
(>98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. N-Isopropylacrylamide (97%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
as well but purified before usage by recrystallization from hexane
(95%, Sigma-Aldrich).70 (link)
further processing, unless stated otherwise. APTES, MPTMS, 4-MBA,
HAuCl4·3H2O, iodine, potassium iodine,
and anhydrous toluene (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone
(99%), calcium chloride, ethanol (96%), isopropanol (IPA) (≥98%),
absolute ethanol (99.96%), and hydrofluoric acid (40%) were acquired
from VWR. Hydrogen peroxide (30%) and tri-sodium citrate dihydrate
were obtained from Merck. Sulfuric acid (95–97%) was supplied
by Supelco. The MilliQ water used was double deionized using a MilliQ
system with a resistivity of 18 MΩ. N-doped Si wafers (<100>,
resistivity 1–30 Ω cm) were obtained from Si Materials,
Germany. For the synthesis of SiO2@PNiPAm core–shell
particles used as a colloidal template, N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide)
(99%), ammonium persulfate (98%), ethanol (99.9%), hexane (≥99%),
tetraethyl orthosilicate (98%), ammonium hydroxide solution (28–30%
NH3 basis), (3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (98%),
fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (>90%), and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
(>98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. N-Isopropylacrylamide (97%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
as well but purified before usage by recrystallization from hexane
(95%, Sigma-Aldrich).70 (link)
4
Fabrication of Hydrophobic Surfaces
5
Nanofabrication Protocol for Silicon Surfaces
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All chemicals and solutions listed here were
used without further processing, unless noted otherwise. Iodine (99.8%)
and potassium iodide (99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone
(99%), ethanol (96%), isopropanol (IPA) (≥98%) and Hydrofluoric
acid (40%), hydrogen peroxide (30%) and nitric acid (65%) were acquired
from VWR. The water used was double deionized using a MilliQ system
with a resistivity of 18 MΩ. P-doped Silicon wafer (50.8 mm,
⟨100⟩, resistivity 1–30 Ω cm, thickness:
275 ± 25 μm) were purchased from Si-Mat, Germany. The TEM
grid used for shadow-masking was a 400 mesh Au lacey carbon grid.
used without further processing, unless noted otherwise. Iodine (99.8%)
and potassium iodide (99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone
(99%), ethanol (96%), isopropanol (IPA) (≥98%) and Hydrofluoric
acid (40%), hydrogen peroxide (30%) and nitric acid (65%) were acquired
from VWR. The water used was double deionized using a MilliQ system
with a resistivity of 18 MΩ. P-doped Silicon wafer (50.8 mm,
⟨100⟩, resistivity 1–30 Ω cm, thickness:
275 ± 25 μm) were purchased from Si-Mat, Germany. The TEM
grid used for shadow-masking was a 400 mesh Au lacey carbon grid.
6
Fabrication of Titanium Alloy Nanotubes
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The investigated disc-shape samples of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr (wt.%) alloy were prepared by cutting the rod with a diameter of 0.9 mm. Samples after grinding with abrasive paper with a gradation of 1200 and 2500# were polished using the OP-S suspension and next washed in an ultrasonic washer in ultrapure water (Milli-Q, 18.2 MΩ cm2) for 20 min. Electrochemical production of 1G ONTs was carried out at room temperature at the voltage 20 V for 2 h in 0.5% HF solution. Moreover, 2G ONTs were obtained at room temperature in 1M (NH4)2SO4 solution with 2 wt.% of NH4F addition at the voltage 20 V for 120 min. Also, 3G ONTs were produced at room temperature in 1M C2H6O2 solution with 4 wt.% content of NH4F. The time of anodizing was 80 min at the voltage of 50 V. Hydrofluoric acid (48% HF), ammonium sulfate (≥98.5% trace metals basis), ethylene glycol (anhydrous, 99.8%), and ammonium fluoride (≥99.99% trace metals basis) were used (Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland). Anodizing was conducted using a Kikusui PWR800H Regulated DC Power Supply (Kikusui Electronics Corporation, Yokohama, Japan).
7
Optical Fiber-Based Nanodisc Assay
8
Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers
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Toluene
(anhydrous, 99.8%),
mEthanol (anhydrous, 99.8%), borane–tetrahydrofuran complex
solution 1 M in tetrahydrofuran (BH3OC4H8, 1 M in tetrahydrofuran), 1,4-diethynylbenzene (C8H6, 96%), 1-octene (C10H6, 96%),
silica-gel [(40–63) μm], magnesium sulfate (MgSO4, anhydrous, >99.0%), 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene (97%),
bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, 98%), copper(I) iodide (CuI, >98.0%),
and triethylamine (TEA) (N(C2H5)3, 99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.5%), n-hexane (C7H16, 95%), mEthanol (CH3OH, 99.5%), and chloroform
(CHCl3, 99.7%) were purchased from Dae-Jung (South Korea),
and hydrofluoric acid [(48–51)%] was purchased from J.T. Baker.
(anhydrous, 99.8%),
mEthanol (anhydrous, 99.8%), borane–tetrahydrofuran complex
solution 1 M in tetrahydrofuran (BH3OC4H8, 1 M in tetrahydrofuran), 1,4-diethynylbenzene (C8H6, 96%), 1-octene (C10H6, 96%),
silica-gel [(40–63) μm], magnesium sulfate (MgSO4, anhydrous, >99.0%), 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene (97%),
bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, 98%), copper(I) iodide (CuI, >98.0%),
and triethylamine (TEA) (N(C2H5)3, 99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.5%), n-hexane (C7H16, 95%), mEthanol (CH3OH, 99.5%), and chloroform
(CHCl3, 99.7%) were purchased from Dae-Jung (South Korea),
and hydrofluoric acid [(48–51)%] was purchased from J.T. Baker.
9
Functionalized Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol
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Silicon wafers used for the manufacturing of the nanoparticles were purchased from Siltronix (Archamps, France). Luminescent cell viability assay and VivoGloTM Luciferin were purchased from Promega. Cyanine5 amine (Cy5) was purchased from Lumiprobe. Hydrofluoric acid (HF, 49%) was purchased from J. T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA). Human holo-transferrin, undecylenic acid (UA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) hydrochloride, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) hydrate, ethanol (EtOH), dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), and triethylamine (TEA) were purchased from Merck (Macquarie Park, Australia). All solvents were of analytical grade. Water (HPLC grade) was obtained with a Milli-Q Advantage A10 water purification system (Merck Millipore, Bayswater, Australia). α-Carboxyl-ω-amino poly(ethylene glycol) 10 kDa (NH2-PEG-COOH) and methoxy poly-(ethylene glycol)-amine 10 kDa (mPEG-NH2) were purchased from Advanced BioChemicals (Lawrenceville, GA, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Macquarie Park, Australia) unless stated otherwise.
10
Synthesis of Benzyne-Containing Polymers
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All the chemical reagents were used as received, without further purification. Toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%), borane–tetrahydrofuran (THF) complex solution (BH3OC4H8, 1.0 M in THF), 1,4-diethynylbenzene (C10H6, 96%), 1-bromo-4-ethynylbenzene (C8H5Br, >98.0%), 1-octene (C10H16, 98%), vinylene carbonate (VC) (99%), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (average Mv ∼ 450 000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Triethylamine (TEA) (99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48–51%) was purchased from J.T. Baker. Super P carbon black, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Cu foil, and lithium metal were obtained from Wellcos Corporation (South Korea). Ethanol (EtOH) (C2H5OH, 99.5%), methanol (MeOH) (CH3OH, 99.5%), Toluene (99.5%), and acetone were purchased from Dae-Jung (South Korea). One molar lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1 : 1 v/v) was obtained from Soul-Brain (South Korea).
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