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5 protocols using 3 morpholinopropane 1 sulfonic acid mops

1

Optimizing Lipid Membrane Composition for Antimicrobial Peptide Characterization

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In this study, we used the following reagents: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE; Avanti Polar Lipids,
AL, USA); 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (DOPG; Avanti Polar Lipids); n-decane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan); 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic
acid (MOPS, Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan); potassium chloride (KCl;
Nacalai Tesque); clavanin A (GenScript); cecropin A (BACHEM); pardaxin
(abcam); magainin 1 (AnaSpec Inc); SL-37 (Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd.); and
LL-37 (AnaSpec Inc.). DOPE and DOPG were melted in n-decane at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, and we obtained a lipid mixture
of DOPE/DOPG (3:1 mol/mol). The composition of the measurement buffer
was regulated so that it became 200 mM KCl, 10 mM MOPS, and pH 7.0
in the Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The clavanin
A, cecropin A, pardaxin, magainin 1, SL-37, and LL-37 powders were
dissolved in the measurement buffer and preserved at 4 °C.
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2

Lipid Vesicle Formation with Peptides

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In this study, the following chemicals were used: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC; Avanti Polar Lipids, Birmingham, AL, USA), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (ammonium salt) (Rhodamine PE; Avanti Polar Lipids, Birmingham, AL, USA), liquid paraffin (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan), calcein (Sigma-Aldrich Co, LCC., St. Louis, MO, USA), glucose (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan), sucrose (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan), n-decane (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan), 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS, Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan), potassium chloride (KCl, Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan). As peptides, we used C105Y (GenScuript, Piscataway, NJ, USA), melittin (synthesized and purified as powder), ovispirin (KareBay Biochem, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), and TAT (BACHEM, Bubendorf, Switzerland). Peptides were stored at −20 °C. For use, samples were diluted to their designated concentration using a buffered electrolyte solution and stored at 4 °C.
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3

Single-Molecule Nanopore Measurements

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In this study, we used the following
reagents: 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(DPhPC; Avanti. Polar Lipids, Alabaster, Alabama), n-decane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan), potassium
chloride (KCl; Nacalai Tesque), 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid
(MOPS; Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan). Buffered electrolyte solutions
(1 M KCl, 10 mM MOPS, pH 7.0) were prepared using ultrapure water,
which was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts).
Wild-type α-hemolysin (αHL; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis,
Missouri) was obtained as the monomer polypeptide, isolated from Staphylococcus aureus in the form of a powder and
dissolved at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in ultrapure water. For use,
samples were diluted to the designated concentration using a buffered
electrolyte solution and stored at 4 °C. HPLC-grade DNA, RNA,
and LNA-inserted DNA oligonucleotides were synthesized by Eurofins
Genomics Inc. (Tokyo, Japan), FASMAC Co., Ltd. (Kanagawa, Japan),
and GeneDesign, Inc. (Osaka, Japan), respectively, stored at −20
°C. 10× TBE buffer was obtained from Takara Bio Inc. (Shiga,
Japan) and was 10-fold diluted for gel electrophoresis. The power
supply and an LED transilluminator were obtained from Bio Craft Co.,
Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and ATTO Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively.
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4

Multicomponent Lipid Bilayer Assembly

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1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC; Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA) and hexadecane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) were used as the lipid/oil solution. Potassium chloride (KCl; Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) and 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS; Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) were used as the aqueous solution (1.0 M KCl, 10 mM MOPS, pH 7.0). The MOPS solution was prepared using ultrapure water from a Milli-Q (Merck Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). Alpha-hemolysin (αHL; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was obtained as a monomer protein isolated from Staphylococcus aureus in the form of a powder, dissolved at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in ultrapure water, and stored at −80 °C. For use, samples were diluted in the designated concentration using a buffered electrolyte solution and stored at 4 °C. SU-8 3025 (MicroChem Corp., Newton, MA, USA) was used as a photoresist. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; Sylgard 184, Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used for the material of microchannels.
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5

Magainin 1 Peptide Characterization

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The reagents used in this study were as follows: 1,2-dioleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL); 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE, Avanti Polar Lipids); 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (DOPG, Avanti Polar Lipids); n-decane (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS, Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan); and KCl (Nacalai Tesque). Buffered electrolyte solutions were prepared from ultrapure water, which was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA). Magainin 1 (LKT Laboratories Inc., St. Paul, MN) was obtained as a monomer polypeptide isolated from African frogs in the form of a powder, and dissolved at a concentration of 1 mM in ultrapure water. For use, samples were diluted to 10 μM using a buffered electrolyte solution and stored at 4°C.
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