Concentrated hydrochloric acid

Manufactured by Sinopharm

Sourced in China

Concentrated hydrochloric acid is a colorless, fuming liquid chemical compound with the formula HCl. It is a strong mineral acid that is used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

38 protocols using concentrated hydrochloric acid

Organic Photovoltaic Material Synthesis

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IrCl₃·3H₂O was purchased from Aladdin Reagents Co. Ltd. Ethylene glycol (≥99%), NaOH (≥96%), concentrated hydrochloric acid, and anhydrous ethanol was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co. Ltd. Chloroform (CF), chlorobenzene (CB) and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Acros, respectively. PM6, Y6 and PC₇₁BM were purchased from Solarmer Material Inc. DIO, 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) and 2-methoxyethanol were purchased from TCI. PNDIT-F3N was purchased from eflex PV. Zn(Ac)₂.(H₂O)₂ and MoO_x were purchased from Alfa Alser and Stream Chemical Inc., respectively. Ethanediamine was purchased from Acros.

Li Y., Huang B., Zhang X., Ding J., Zhang Y., Xiao L., Wang B., Cheng Q., Huang G., Zhang H., Yang Y., Qi X., Zheng Q., Zhang Y., Qiu X., Liang M, & Zhou H. (2023). Lifetime over 10000 hours for organic solar cells with Ir/IrOx electron-transporting layer. Nature Communications, 14, 1241.

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Synthesis of Graphene-Gold Nanocomposite

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Stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl₂·2H₂O), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, average molecular mass of 40,000 g/mol), and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36–38%), tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Graphene powder was purchased from Nanjing XFNANO Materials TECH Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). All reagents purchased were of analytical grade. Deionized water (DIW) was used as the solution in the experiment.

Pi S., Zhang X., Cui H., Chen D., Zhang G., Xiao S, & Tang J. (2019). Facile Fabrication of Au Nanoparticles/Tin Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Ternary Nanocomposite and Its High-Performance SF6 Decomposition Components Sensing. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7, 476.

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Functionalization and Characterization of MWCNTs

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MWCNTs (length: 0.5–2 μm, outer diameter: 10–20 nm) were obtained from Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co. Ltd. (Chengdu). Concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co. Ltd. (Beijing). Pt/C (20 wt% Pt) and Pt/C (40 wt% Pt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Besides CNTs, all of the other materials were of analytical grade and used without further purification.

Xue L., Li Y., Liu X., Liu Q., Shang J., Duan H., Dai L, & Shui J. (2018). Zigzag carbon as efficient and stable oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Nature Communications, 9, 3819.

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Isolation and Purification of Sea Cucumber Bioactive Compounds

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Sea cucumber gonads were purchased from Ningde City (Fujian, China). All mature sea cucumber specimens were transported through a complete cold chain to the laboratory, where they were stored at −20 °C to ensure their quality was not compromised. Concentrated hydrochloric acid, methanol, boric acid, borax, etc., were purchased from Sinopharm Group (Beijing, China). Alkaline protease was purchased from PangBo Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (Nanning, China). Hippuryl-His-Leu (HHL), angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE), hippuric acid (HA), and CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B, acetonitrile (CAN) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals/reagents used were of analytical grade or HPLC grade.

Wang Y., Chen S., Shi W., Liu S., Chen X., Pan N., Wang X., Su Y, & Liu Z. (2024). Targeted Affinity Purification and Mechanism of Action of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptides from Sea Cucumber Gonads. Marine Drugs, 22(2), 90.

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Extraction of Magnesium from Liaodong Ore

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The magnesium ore was obtained from the Liaodong area, Liaoning Province. Precursors using raw bananas were purchased from a local supermarket (Hefei, Anhui Province). Zinc acetate, sodium hydroxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid, ammonium carbonate, and anhydrous ethanol were purchased from Sinopharm Co. (Beijing, China). The deionized water was made in the Hefei university laboratory. The stock solution of Cu(II) and Pb(II) was prepared and diluted with deionized water to the desired concentration.

Yang J., Wei Q., Tian C., Li D., Li H., Qin G., Hu K, & Zhang Q. (2023). Preparation of Biomass Carbon Composites MgO@ZnO@BC and Its Adsorption and Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) in Wastewater. Molecules, 28(19), 6982.

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Extraction of Magnesium from Liaodong Ore

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Functionalized Hexagonal Boron Nitride Composites

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Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), citric acid monohydrate, ammonia solution, polyethylene glycol (PEG, M_w = 400 g mol⁻¹), and 1,3-propanesulfonate (1,3-PS) were acquired from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Dopamine hydrochloride (DA), epoxy resin (E51), tris-(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane (Tris) and the curing agent (D-230) were ordered from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Acetone, poly(4-styrene sulfonate), anhydrous ethanol, and concentrated hydrochloric acid were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Polyether amine (M_w = 2000 g mol⁻¹) was provided by Huntsman Co., Ltd (USA).

Jiao C., Cai T., Chen H., Ruan X., Wang Y., Gong P., Li H., Atkin R., Yang F., Zhao H., Nishimura K., Jiang N, & Yu J. (2023). A mucus-inspired solvent-free carbon dot-based nanofluid triggers significant tribological synergy for sulfonated h-BN reinforced epoxy composites. Nanoscale Advances, 5(3), 711-724.

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Chitosan-based Antimicrobial Coating Synthesis

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All chemicals used were of analytical grade and the solutions were prepared with double distilled water. Chitosan (CS, 85% deacetylation degree, molecular weight = 50,000), paraformaldehyde (PA), catechol (CT), concentrated hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetone, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), maleic anhydride (MA), sodium sulfite(Na 2 SO 3 ), standard culturing medium(3.0 g/L beef extract, 5.0 g/L NaCl, 10.0 g/L peptone and 17.5 g/L agar), mannitol salt medium(1.0 g/L beef extract, 75.0 g/L NaCl, 10.0 g/L peptone, 10.0 g/L D-mannitol, 0.025 g/L phenol red and 14.0 g/L agar) were purchased from Sinopharm. The commercial 316L stainless steel foil (0.2 mm thick, 10 mm wide) was ultrasonically cleaned for 20 min in hexane, acetone, ethanol, 5 wt. % sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) solution and pure water in turn and dried by nitrogen at ambient temperature. Pure water was prepared by a pure water system (GWA-UN, PGENERAL, China).

Huang Y., Peng G., Chen B., Yong P., Yao N., Yang L., Pirraco R.P., Reis R.L, & Chen J. (2018). Preparation and characteristics of the sulfonated chitosan derivatives electrodeposited onto 316l stainless steel surface. Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition, 29(3).

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluation

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A standard rutin sample, a standard vitamin C (Vc) sample, and a standard tea polyphenol sample were obtained from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). NaOH, NaNO₂, AlNO₃, ethanol, phosphoric acid, and concentrated hydrochloric acid were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Standard Escherichia coli strain C83902, Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923, and Bacillus subtilis strain WL2 were obtained from the China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (Beijing, China).

Zhang H., Wang X., He D., Zou D., Zhao R., Wang H., Li S., Xu Y, & Abudureheman B. (2021). Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Flowers, and the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Capacity of the Extract. Molecules, 27(1), 113.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles

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Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), ytterbium oxide (Yb₂O₃), erbium oxide (Er₂O₃), aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO₃)₃·9(H₂O)), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co. in Shanghai, China. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), triethanolamine (TEA), sodium hydroxide, sodium fluoride, anhydrous ethanol, concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Nanoscale calcium carbonate was provided by Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. The commercial fluorescent powder used for the comparison experiments was purchased from Beijing Fingal Huaan Technology Co. The 525 nm green light source was emitted by a homemade lamp with 5 W power. A 980 nm laser light source was a homemade laser emission, with a power of 5 W, through the homogeniser to expand the light spot. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained using a Cary Eclipse FL1011M003 (Varian) fluorescence spectrometer. The morphology of YAG-MSNs-RhD-6 was characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 2010F). X-ray diffraction (XRD, Cu Kα = 1.5418 Å radiation) was performed using a PANalytical X-Pert instrument.

Yang P., Shi T., Zhu S., Li K, & Zhao H. (2024). Development of dual-channel fluorescent mesoporous SiO2 nanosphere-coated yttrium aluminum garnet composites for sensitive detection of latent fingerprints. RSC Advances, 14(14), 9529-9537.

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