GTP used for the study was obtained from the US-China joint venture Shili Natural Product Company, Inc. (Guilin, Guangxi, China) and the purity of GTP is higher than 98.5% according to the analysis by Guangxi Standard Bureau. Boric acid, D-erythro-sphingosine, D-erythro-sphinganine, FB1 from F. verticilioides (approximately 98% by HPLC), formic acid, hydrochloric acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), 10 x phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and sodium phosphate monobasic were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). D-erythro-C20-sphingosine was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Triethylammonium formate HPLC buffer (pH 3.0) was purchased from Regis Technologies, Inc. (Morton Grove, IL, USA). Other HPLC-grade solvents including acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, 2-propanol, and water were from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). OPA reagents were prepared by dissolving 10 mg of OPA and 30 μl of 2-mercaptoethanol in 250 μl of methanol and mixing with 4.75 ml of 3% Boric acid buffer (pH 10.5).
Ethyl acetate
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in United States, Poland, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Italy, Canada, Mexico
Ethyl acetate is a colorless, flammable liquid commonly used as a laboratory solvent. It has the chemical formula CH3COO-CH2-CH3. Ethyl acetate is widely employed in various scientific and industrial applications due to its effective solvency properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Avantor (65 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Avantor (43 mentions)
Ethanol, by Avantor (30 mentions)
Acetone, by Avantor (21 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Chloroform, by Avantor (19 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Avantor (19 mentions)
Hexane, by Avantor (15 mentions)
N hexane, by Avantor (12 mentions)
Formic acid, by Avantor (12 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Avantor (11 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Avantor (10 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Glucose, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
177 protocols using ethyl acetate
1
HPLC Analysis of Sphingoid Bases
2
Quantitative Analysis of Polyphenols
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NaOH and Folin–Ciocalteu reagents were purchased from Macron, CH. 2 M HCl was obtained from J.T. Baker, MX. N-hexane was purchased at DEQ, MX. Ethyl acetate was obtained from Burdick & Jackson, Muskegon, MI. All HPLC solvents and alcohols were obtained from BDH, West Chester, PA. HPLC grade (> 99%) standards for gallic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO.
3
Metabolic Profiling of Cell Lines
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Ethanol, mEthanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water were purchased from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson. RPMI-1640 medium and fetal bovine serum were obtained from GIBCO Life Technologies. The analytical reagents of serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin (BIL), cortisol, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), GLU, and LDH were purchased from Beckman Coulter. Deuterium oxide (D2O, 99.9% D), NaH2PO4, K2HPO4, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and antibiotics (eg, penicillin and streptomycin) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)-propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (TSP) was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories.
4
Simultaneous Quantification of Catecholamines, Steroids, and Internal Standards
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Seven catecholamines, six steroids, and four deuterium-labeled internal standards were used for the purpose of this study. The reference standards were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The internal standards (ISs), i.e., epitestosterone-d3 (EpiT-d3), normetanephrine-d3 (NMN-d3), metanephrine-d3 (MN-d3), and epinephrine-d6 (E-d6), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and CDN Isotopes (Quebec, Canada). All reagents employed for the preparation of the artificial urine (AU) and the derivatizing solutions were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium acetate, acetic acid, and formic acid were obtained Sigma-Aldrich. The β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase enzyme hydrolysis solution derived from Helix pomatia was purchased from Roche (Basel, Switzerland). The solvents, namely ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone, and methanol (MeOH), were obtained from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Prior to use, deionized water (DW) was filtered using a Milli-Q reference water purification system (Burlington, MA, USA).
5
Pharmacological Study of 5-MeO-DMT and Related Compounds
6
Lipid Derivatization and Quantification
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An AccQ•Tag Ultra derivatization kit (borate buffer and reagent) and AccQ•Tag Ultra eluents A and B were obtained from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). Ammonium formate, formic acid, and potassium hydroxide were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Daejung (Seoul, Korea). HPLC-grade methanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, and chloroform were purchased from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). CHOL and the FFAs (C12, C14, C16, C16:1, C18, C18:1, C18:2, C20, C22, C22:1, C24, C24:1, C26, and C28) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Deuterated FFAs C16-D3, C20-D3, and C18:1-D2 were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). Synthetic CER-NP, CER-NDS, and CER-NS were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Synthetic CER-AP was kindly provided by Evonik (Essen, Germany). 2,2′-dithiodipyridin, 2-picolylamine, and triphenylphosphine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All other reagents used were of the highest grade available. The water used was ultra-pure deionized water (18.2 MΩ•cm) produced using a Milli-Q Gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
7
Untargeted and Targeted Metabolite Profiling
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The standard chemicals for untargeted and targeted profiling were obtained from Steraloids (Newport, RI, USA); Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA); Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan); and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid, sodium acetate, and acetic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The enzyme hydrolysis solution, β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase extracted from Helix pomatia, was obtained from Roche (Mannheim, Germany). Derivatization agents 2-hydrazinopyridine, triphenylphosphine, 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide, and dansyl chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Tokyo Chemical Industry. High-performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, and hexane were purchased from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q purification system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Oasis HLB cartridge (3 mL, 60 mg) was purchased from Waters (Milford, MA, USA).
8
Recombinant protein expression in E. coli
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The E. coli strains DH5alpha and BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL were used for cloning and expression, respectively. The Duet vectors of pETDuet-1 and pCOLADuet-1, pET-22b(+), and BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL were purchased from Novagen. E. coli strains were cultured in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium and on agar supplemented with 50 μg/ml ampicillin or kanamycin. Pinostilbene and pterostilbene were purchased from Chromadex and resveratrol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. trans-p-Coumaric acid was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Methanol, acetonitrile, ethylacetate, and water were of HPLC grade and purchased from Burdick & Jackson.
9
Antioxidant Activity of I. indigotica Leaves
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I. indigotica leaf was purchased from an online market (http://hanyakjae.net/ , accessed on 5 January 2020) and produced in July 2019 from China. Potassium persulfate, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA, CAS 90-50-6), 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, CAS 1898-66-4), and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS, CAS 30931-67-0) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Distilled water was freshly produced using a Milli-Q system (Shinhan Company, Seoul, Korea). All reagents used in this study were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile, methanol, ethyl acetate, ethanol, 1,3-butylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). The primers were obtained from Bioneer Inc. (Daejeon, Korea). The absorbance values for antioxidant activity assays were measured using an infinite F200 microplate reader from Tecan (Mannedorf, Switzerland).
10
Synthesis and Purity Analysis of TK900 Compounds
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TK900D (C23H24Cl3N7, MW = 504.85; Figure 3 A) and TK900E (C23H25Cl2N7, MW = 470.40; Figure 3 B) were synthesized and their HPLC purity was determined to be > 99%. All chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade or ACS (American Chemical Society). Ammonium formate (97% pure) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Gmbh (Steinheim, Germany), formic acid (98 – 100%) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and methanol (all of high-purity grade) were purchased from Honeywell, Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI 49442, USA). Water used to prepare solutions was purified by a Millipore Elix 10 reverse osmosis and Milli-Q® (Millipore, USA) Gradient A 10 polishing system.
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