Ferric chloride

Ferric chloride (FeCl₃·6H₂O, 99.0%) hexahydrate, sodium acetate (NaAC), ethylene glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and urea (CH₄N₂O) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China. The carbon nanotubes (≥95%) of Fe₃O₄/MWCNT used to prepare the necklace structure were purchased from Xianfeng Nanomaterial Technology Co. Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The above chemicals are of analytical grade and have not been further purified when used.

A UV—vis opectrophotometer (756 PC, Shanghai Hongji Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) was used for absorbance reading values. The Anthrone/H₂SO₄ method [48 ] was used to determine hexoses and the orcinol/HCl method [49 ] was used to determine pentoses. The details of the determination method were carried out according to Xu et al [50 (link)]. Anthrone and orcinol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC and ferric chloride was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. D-glucose and D-xylose purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC were used as standards for creating standard curves, with R² higher than 0.9990, of hexoses and pentoses.

Dried oysters soft tissues (Crassostrea talienwhanensis) were provided by Hainan Coconut Island Brewing Co., Ltd. The reagents sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), HCl, NaOH, NaCl, ethanol, methanol, potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, and fluorescein were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Phosphoric acid, copper sulfate, potassium sulfate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate were purchased from Shanghai Ling Feng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1, 1:15,000 from Porcine Stomach) and Trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4, 1:2,500 from porcine pancreas) were purchased from Shanghai SenGon Bioengineering Co., Ltd. Maxipro (EC 3.4.21.xx), a proline‐specific endoproteinase from Aspergillus niger (PSP), was obtained from DSM. DA201‐C was kindly provided by Jiangsu Suqing Water Treatment Engineering Co., Ltd. 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) was purchased from A. Johnson Matthey Company. Trolox, ascorbic acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), penicillin, and streptomycin were acquired from Sigma Chemical Co.. Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin–EDTA, and glutamine were obtained from GIBCO (Life Technologies). Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was purchased from Biyuntian Biotech Co., Ltd. Mouse TNF‐α ELISA kit was purchased from Affymetrix eBioscience. All reagents used were of analytical grade.

Standards of rutin, gallic acid, hyperoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-hexoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-diCQA), and 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid were purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Shanghai, China). HPLC-grade mEthanol was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other analytical-grade chemicals and reagents used in the study: Ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ether, chloroform, n-butanol, mEthanol, formic acid, phenol, sulfuric acid, sodium nitrite (NaNO₂), aluminum nitrate (Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), and ferric chloride were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

All chemical reagents used in this work were of analytical grade (AR) and used without further purification. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw = 90,000) were purchased from J&K Scientific, Ltd. (Beijing, China) 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, sodium borohydride, and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS, Mw = 80,000) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, sodium citrate, sodium hypophosphite, ferric chloride, ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and trichloromethane were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

DL-malic acid and levofloxacin were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). All the inorganic reagents, including sodium chloride, potassium chloride, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, manganese chloride tetrahydrate, ferric chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride, stannous chloride, lead (II) chloride, and barium chloride dehydrate, were of analytical grade and obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., (Beijing, China). All the organic compounds, such as D-asparagine (D-Asn), L-glutamic acid (LGA), L-valine (L-Val), L-methionine (L-Met), L-asparagine (L-Asn), L-leucine (L-Leu), S-mandelic acid (S-MA), L-glutamine (L-Glu), and L-ascorbic acid (AA) were supplied by Aladdin Industrial Corporation. The ultrapure water used was directly obtained from the lab with a Milli-Q direct water purification system.